Hemodialysis
Terms
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- Homeostasis
-
The constant balance of processes in the body.
- Hypo-
- Low
- Hyper-
- High
-
Acute Renal Failure
-
Sudden loss of renal function that is reversible.
-
Chronic Renal Failure
- Slow, progressive loss of renal function that is not reversible.
- Anemia
-
Low red blood cells.
- Uremia
- Urine in the blood due to the build up of toxins.
-
Symptoms of Uremia
-
- Anemia
- Bone disease
- Pericarditis
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Neuropathy
- Amyloidosis
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- Itching
- Sleep problems
- Bleeding abnormalities
-
True or False:
Kidneys fail when they lose filtering capacity in the nephrons.
- True
-
Kidney filter about _____ liters of fluid from the bloodstream and _____ of that become urine.
-
- 180
- 1-2L
-
True or False:
The tubules receive a combination of waste materials and chemicals that the body can still use.
- True
-
Functions of the kidney:
-
- Fluid balance
- Removes waste products
- Acid Base Balance (pH and bicarb)
- Electrolyte balance
- Secretes Hormones
-
What makes up the electrolyte balance?
-
- Na+
- K+
- CA 2+
- MG 2+
- Bicarb H2CO3
- Hormones secreted by the kidney:
-
- Renin
- Erythropoietin
- Activated Vitamin D
-
2 major causes of kidney failure:
-
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Dialysis
-
Process of diffusion and ultrafiltration that replaces the function of the kidney.
-
Semi-permeable membrane
- A barrier that allows only particles smaller than a certain size to pass through it.
- Diffusion
- The movement of a solute through a semi-permeable membrane from area of high concentration of solutes to an area of low concentration of solutes.
- Osmosis
-
Movement of fluid through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low concentration of solutes to an area of high concentration of solutes.
- Ultrafiltration
-
Water removal from blood due to a pressure gradient across a semi-permeable membrane.
-
Concentration gradient
- Difference of concentration on either side of the semi-permeable membrane.
- Clearance
-
How well we are cleaning the blood.
-
Transmembrane Pressure (TMP)
-
Difference in pressure between blood compartment and dialysate compartment.
- Biocompatible
-
When the diayzer is similar to the human body.
- Conductivity
-
Ability of a fluid to conduct electricity.
-
Blood Flow Rate (BFR)
- The rate that we pump the blood through the blood pump.
-
Ultrfiltration Goal
-
How much fluid we want to take of.
- Ultrafiltration Rate
-
How fast we move the fluid.
-
Ultrafiltration Removed
-
Actual fluid removed.
-
Counter-current flow
-
Opposite flow of fluids which increases rate of diffusion.
-
Extracorporeal circuit
-
tubing, needles, and ect. that extends the bodies circuit circulation.
-
Blood leak detector
- Alerts us that blood is leaking.
- Air detector
-
Sensor that detects air in the venous drip chamber.
- Bypass
- Something wrong with dialysate and the dialyzer and it dumps if down the drain.
-
Dialysate Composition
-
Treated H2O, K+ and H2CO3
-
Compartments of dialyzer
-
Dialysate and blood compartment.
-
Solution used to prime dialyzer
- 0.9% NaCl
-
What can affect the rate of diffusion?
-
- BFR
- Dialysate rate
- Tempature
- Surface area
- Counter current flow
- Alarms
-
Hepatitis B
- This infectious disease requires isolation of the patient and isolation techniques. It has a high concentration in the blood and can live outside the body 7-10 days.
-
Hepatitis C
-
#1 cause of liver failure/transplant: also known as non A non B
- TB
- This illness requires a specialized isolation room with reverse air flow. It is an air borne infectious disease.
- HIV
-
Virus that gradually weakens the immune system. It is carried through the blood.
- Antigen
-
An active virus.
- Antibody
- Built up protection from a virus.
-
Type I diabetes
-
Immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
- Type II diabetes
- Body does not produce insulin or does not know how to use it.
- Hypoglycemia
-
Low blood sugar.
-
Symptoms of Hypoglycemia:
-
- Sweating
- Trembling
- Restlessness
- Loss of consciousness
- Headache
- Feeling cold
- Rapid heart rate
- 4 treatment options for ESRD;
-
- Hemodialysis
- Peritoneal Dialysis
- Transplant
- No treatment
- The 2 main waste products removed by the normal kidneys:
-
- BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
- Creatinine