Muscles and Joints
Terms
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- A physician treats disorders of cardiac muscles
- Cardiologist
- physician specializes in the misalignment of spine
- Chiropractor
- degree of Chiropractor
- DC
- physician treats paralysis and similar muscular disorders loss of function
- Neurologist
- physician diagnosis treatment bones joints and muscles
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- study of making and fitting of orthopedic appliances
- orthotics
- physician manipulates the positions of bones
- Osteopathic physician
- degree of Osteopathic physician
- DO
- physician specializes in didagnosis and treatment of foot
- podiatrist
- degrees of podiatrist
- DPM Doctor of Podiatric Medicine DP Coctor of Podiatry
- physician specializes in diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases
- Rheumatologist
- general term for variety of acute and chronic conditions inflammation and deterioration of connective tissues
- rheumatism
- physician treats sports related injuries of bones, joints and muscles
- Sports Medicine
- how many muscles are there?
- more than 650
- how much do muscles and tendons weigh?
- more than half of the person's weight
- what are the muscles connected to the bone with
- tendons
- what do tendons do
- muscles pull on bones
- bones are fastened to other bones by fibrous straps called
- ligaments
- ligaments wrap around what
- joints
- what is flexible rubbery substance that supports bones and protects them where they rub
- cartilage
- what forms the musculoskeletal system
- bones muscles tendons and ligaments
- name the muscles
- skeletal smooth and cardiac
- where are skeletal muscles?
- attached to bone in lgs arms abdomen chest neck and face
- skeletal muscles are?
- striated
- why are they called stiated
- made up fibers that have horizontal stripes
- what do the skeletal muscles do?
- hod the skeleton together give body shape and help it with everyday movements
- what do skeletal muscles do?
- contract shorten or tighten quickly and powerfully
- what are skeletal muscles known as?
- voluntary muscles
- describe smooth muscles
- look smooth we can't consciously control they are controlled by the nervous system automatically
- where are smooth muscles
- walls of stomach and intestines help break up food
- where else is smooth muscle?
- in walls of blood vessels
- what does it do there?
- squeezses blood through vessels and helps maintain blood pressure
- describe the contraction
- take longer to contract than skeletal muscles but can stay contracted for a long time don't tire easily
- what comprises the largest single organ of the body
- skeletal muscle
- how much of the body is made up of skeletal muscle
- 40%
- how do muscles work
- in pairs
- muscles arise on one bone then what
- atach to another bonew cross a joint
- when one muscle contracts the opposite what?
- relaxes which allows a joint to bend
- skeletal muscles have an abundant what?
- blood vessels and nerves directly related to primary function of contraction
- skeletal muscles are under control of ?
- peripheral portion of central nervous system voluntary control conscious
- where is cardiac muscle found?
- in heart
- what are composed of muscle fibers
- ventriclers and atria
- contractions that force blood out of heart produces ?
- heartbeat
- joints are classified how
- by how much the bones they connect can move against one another
- which joints don't move
- immovable or fibrous joints
- what is between edges of plates in skull?
- fibrous joints fibrous tissue
- where else are fibrous joints?
- hold teeth in jawbone
- back
- dors/o dorsal
- electrical
-
electr/o
electromyogram - fiber
-
fibr/o
fibroma - muscle
- my/o myalgia
- development
- troph/o dystrophy
- two double
- bi- biceps
- three
-
tri-
triceps - inflammation
-
-itis
myositis - what are ligaments?
- strong connective tissues connect bone to bone form joints
- why are ligaments important in joint stability?
- hold bones in joint together
- describe ligaments
- more elastic fibers than tendons more stretchy
- what is a fluid filled sac what does it do
- bursa help cushion joint found between bones ligaments
- what is a bursa filled with?
- synovial fluid
- another name for joint
- articulation
- what is a joint
- where two bones come together
- how many joints are there?
- over 100
- most joints are movable which aren't
- sutures between cranial bones
- what are movable joints called
- synovial joints
- what are they characterized by
- presence of a closed space or cavity
- what is it called between bones
- synovial cavity
- what is a joint lubricating substance
- synovial fluid
- where is synovial fluid produced
- by the membranes
- what do knee joints contain
- discs of cartilage
- another name for these discs of cartilage
- menisci
- what do menisci act as
- swabs to spread synovial fluid into joint help to stabilize joint
- what usually tears in contact sports?
- menisci knee cartilages
- singular form of menisci
- meniscus
- some synovial movable joints
-
ball and socket
condyloid
saddle
pivot
hinge
gliding - ball and socket
- shoulder and hip
- condyloid
- hands fingers feet toes
- saddle
- thumb only
- pivot
- vetebral column
- hinge
- elbow and knee
- gliding
- wrist and ankle
- compound joint between 1st and 2nd vertabrae atlas and axis bones
- atlantoaxial joint
- articulation between sternum and manubrium
- manubriosternal joint
- stretches and increases tension on the vocal ligaments between cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage
- cricothyroid joint
- located between sternum and ribs
- sternocostal joints
- The joint that opens and closes your mouth
- temporomandibular joint TMJ
- between lenticular process and head of stapes ear cartilaginous young bony adults
- incudostapedial joint
- saddle shaped in ear between anvil and stirrup
- incudomalleolar
- joint occurs between facets of interior and superior articular processes of adjacent vertebra
- zygapophyseal joint
- what do the cranial sutures do?
- skull makde of five bones held togethr by fibrous material sutures remain open while growing to give brain room to grow in all directions
- what happens if one or more closes or fuses before the brain has finished growing?
- craniosynostosis occurs (synostosis cranial stenosis)
- what happens to the head if craniosynostosis occurs
- brain will grow where there is no pressure and result ina misshapen head or face
- suture on top of head extending from soft spot to back of head
- sagittal suture
- how does the brain grow
- forced to grow forwanrd and bakward
- what is the condition known as when the sagittal suture stops growing
- scaphocephaly
- which suture is on the side of head from soft spot to in front of ear
- coronal
- premature closure leads to what condition
- anterior plagiocephaly
- what will the head look like with anterior plagiocephaly
- forehead to flatten on affected side elevation of eye socket deviated nose and slanted skull
- what is elevatioon of eye socket known as
- vertical dystopia
- which suture is located between soft spot and root of nose
- metopic suture
- what is early closure of suture called
- trigonocephaly
- what does trygonocephaly look like?
- pointed foreheads midline ridge triangularly shaped skull and eyes too close together
- when eyes are too close together what is it called?
- hypoteleroism
- least common premature closing leads to flattening of back of head protrusion of mastoid bone lowering of ear skull tilt sideways
- lambdoidal
- what is the condition called for lambdoidal premature closing
- posterior plagiocephalus
-
ligament superior to inferior along surfasesa of vertebral
bodies directly posterior to thoracic and abdominal viscera - anterior longitudinal ligament
- connects pinous processes of two adjacent vertabra a syndesmosis
- interspinous ligament
- elastic fibers joins laminae of adjacent vertebrae yellow paired penetrated for spinal taps
- ligamenta flava
- extends posteriorly from base of skull to 7th cervical vertebraprovides muscle attachments to cervical spoinous processes
- nuchal ligament
- not penetrated by spinal tap broader at intrvertebral disks and narrow at vertebral bodies scalloped edge
- posterior longitudinal ligament
- begins at c7 vertebrae and ends at midsacral ssegmental olevel muscle attachment site connects tips of spinous processes thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
- supraspinous ligament
- encircles head of radius provides restraint against distal dislocation of radius
- annular ligament
- connects coracoid process to acromion of scapula support for head of humerus
- coracoacromial ligaments
- 2 parts connects uper surface of coracoid process to under surfac of clavicle
- coracoclavicular ligament
- what are the names of the 2 parts?
- posteromedialpart conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament
- attaches to clavicle to the first rib strong sternoclavicular joint that seldom dislocates
- costoclavicular ligament
- connects the humerus to scapula
- glenohumeral ligament middle
- humerus to scapula
- glenohumeral ligament superior
- connect carpal bones prevent excessive movement of snoviasl polane joints
-
intercarpal ligaments dorsal
intercapal ligaments palmar - cartilage caps medial end of rib
- costal cartilage
- connect costal cartilages of ribs 1-7 with sternum
- radiate sternocostal ligaments
- connects anterior superior iliac spine with pubic tubercle Poupart's ligament
- inguinal ligament
- connects thepubic tubercle with pecten of pubis
- lacunar ligament
- thickening of fascia on the pecten of pubis cooper's ligamenet in breast too
- pectineal ligament
- superior to inferior suracesa of vetebral bodies
- anterior longitudinal ligament
- attached to spenoid bone to mandibular foramen
- sphenomandibular ligament
- from styloid process of temporal bone to ramus of mandible
- stylomandibular ligament
- broad and thin membranous bands from front and back of sternal ends of cartilages of true ribs to sternum
- radiate sternocostal ligaments
- the gliding joint formed by the outer extremity of the clavicle and the inner margin of the acromion process of scapula
- acromioclavicular joint
- between the distal end of radius and proximal row of carpal bones
- wrist joint radiocarpal joint
- ginglymoid joint ginglymus hinge joint
- interphalangeal joint between phalanges of fingers or toes
- clavicle connects to the sternum in the middle of chest at top
- sterno clavicular joint
- joint cconnecting arm with the torso shoulder rotator cuff
- glenohumeral joint
- where the radius and ulna connects
- radioulna joint
- cubital joint compound hinge joint between humerus and bones of forearm
- elbow
- wrist
- radio carpal joint
- between coracoid process and clavicle
- coracoclavicular joint
- synovial joint between poximal and distal rows of carpal bones
- midcarpal joint
- connects trapezium with metacarpal of thumb flexion/extensin fingers
- carpometacarpal joint
- connects metacarpal head to proximal phalanx
- metacapophalangeal joints
- Name some ligaments upper region
-
stylomandibular
radiate sternocostal
inguinal
lacunar
pectineal
spenomandibular
stylomandibular
anterior logitudinal - some ligaments thoracic region
-
interspinous
nuchal
supraspinous
annular
coracoclavicular
coracoacromial
costoclavicular
glenohumoral superior inferior middle - encircles radius holds radius and ulna- ligament
- annular
- ligament reinforces capsule of sternoclavicular joint
- interclavicular ligament
- ligament that connects coracoid process to the acromion of the scapula
- coracoacromial ligament
- fibrous membrane that connects the interosseous borders on the shafts of the radius and the ulna
- interosseous membrane forearm
- ligament that connects the upper surface of the coracoid process to the under surface of the clavicle
- coracoclavicular ligament
- ligament spanning the lateral side of the elbow joint
- radial collateral ligament, elbow or wrist
- ligament that attaches the clavicle to the first rib
- costoclavicular ligament
- ligament that reinforces the capsule of the sternoclavicular joint
- sternoclavicular ligament
- ligament that connects the metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5 on their palmar surface
- transverse metacarpal ligament, deep
- ligamnt that spans the suprascapular notch of the scapula
- transverse scapular ligament, superior
- ligament that reinforces articular casule on medial side of wrist
- ulnar collateral ligament, wrist
- ligament connects the humerus to scapula
- glenohumeral ligament, inferior middle superior
- articulation between distal tibia medial malleolus
- ankle joint
- articulation between head of metatarsal and base of phalanx
- metatarsophalangeal joint Bunion
- articultion between patella and femur
- patellofemoral
- articulation between os coxae and head of femur
- hip joint
- articulations betweendistal row of tarsal bones and and proximal ends of metatarsal bones
- tarsometatarsal joints
- articuolation between femoral condyles and tibial condyles
- knee joint
- iliac spine to femoral
- iliofemoral joint
- articulation beween ala of sacurm and auricular surface of ilium
- sacroiliac joint
- articulations between proximal and middle phalanges
- interphalangeal joints
- articulations bewtween distal row of tarsal bones and proximal ends of metatarsal bones
- glding tarsometatarsal joints
- fibrocartilage rim around the acetabulum
- acebabular labrum
- ligament connects plantar surface of clacaneus cuboid and bases of 3 metatarsal bones
- long plantar
- arch passes from calcaneus to talus to navicular to cueiforms to metatarsal
- longitudinal arch of foot
- ligament connects calcaneus with cuboid on thir plantar surfaces
- plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
- ligament connecting posterior aspect of intercondylar eminence with lateral of medial femoral condyle
- anterior cruciate
- ligament of knee joint connecting the medial epicondyle of femur with medial condyle of tibia
- tibial collateral
- ligament connecting medial malleolus of tibia with sustentaculum tali
- tibiocalcaneal ligament
- part of deltoid ligment connecting medial malleolus of tibia with the navicular reinforces ankle joint
- tibionavicular
- circularly oriented ligamentous fibers reinforce capsule of hip joint hod head of femur in acetabulum
- zona orbicularis
- reinforces ankle joint ligament connects lateral malleolus of fibula with talus
- anterior talofibular ligament
- ligament connects distal ends of tibia and fibula anteriorly
- anterior tibiofibular
- part of deltid ligament connecting medial malleolus of tibia with talus
- anterior tibiotalar ligament
- reinforces ankle joint ligament connects lateral malleolus of fiula with calcaneus
- calcaneofibular ligament
- reinforces ankle joint shape of greek letter delta 4 parts connecting malleolus of tibia talus navicular and calcaneus
- deltoid ligament
- collateral ligament of knee connects lateral epicondyle of femur with head of fibula
- fibular collateral ligament
- like an inverted Y connects anterior inferior iliac spine to anterior capsule of hip joint known as libament of Bigelow
- iliofemoral ligament
- connects articular capsule of hip joint ischium to posterior femoral neck
- ischiofemoral ligament
- known as spring ligament complex set of intertarsal gliding synovial joints supports longitudinal arch of foot
- calcaneonavicular ligament
- connecting posterior aspecto of intercondylar eminence with lateral surface of medial femoral cndyle
- posterior cruciate ligament
- ligament connects lateral malleolus of fibula with talus reinforces ankle
- posterior talofibular ligament
- connects distal end s of tibia and fibula posteriorly
- posterior tibiofibular ligament
- part of deltoid ligament connecting medial malleolus of tibia with talus reinforces ankle
- posterior tibiotalar ligament
- connects pubic portion of rim of bony acetabulum to femoral neck
- pubofemoral ligament
- reinforces the medial surface of articular capsule of knee attached to medial meniscus
- tibial collateral ligament
- part of deltoid ligament connecting medial malleolus of tibia with sustentaculum tali reinforces ankle joint
- tibiocalcaneal ligament
- ligament spans acetabular notch near the rim of acetaulum
- acetabular ligament
- bursa between patellar ligament and tibia reduces friction
- infrapatellar bursa deep
- subcutaneous bursa overlying the patellar ligament
- infrapatellar bursa superficial
- intra-articular disc within the knee joint located between lateral femoral condyle an d tibial condyle
- lateral meniscus
- fibrocartilage intra-articular disc within the knee joint
- medial meniscus
- subcutaneous busa overlying the patella synovial membrane inflammation housemaid's knee prepatellar bursitis
- prepatellar bursa
- superior extension of synovial memebrane of knee joint reduces friction; between quadriceps femoris tendon and femur
- suprapatellar bursa
- muscle type associated with skeletal movement
- skeletal muscle
- comprises the largest single organ of the body
- skeletal muscle
- 40% of body made of
- skeletal muscle
- How many different muscles are there?
- over 650
- How do skeletal muscles work?
- in pairs to produce movement
- Describe how muscles are connected to body
- muscles arise on one bone and attach to another bone
- what must they cross
- a joint
- when one muscle contracts what happens
- its opposite relaxes,which allows a joint to bend
- skeletal muscles have an abundant suply of what
- blood vessels and nerves
- what is the primary function of skeletal muscle
- contraction
- skeletal muscles are under the control of what
- peripheral portion of the central nervous system voluntary control
- gluteus maximus
- large
- gluteus minumus
- small
- adductor longus
- long
- adductor brevis
- short
- deltoid
- triangle
- rhombideus
- rhomboid quadrangular
- sternocleidomastoid
- neck area jugular
- spinalis thoracis
- spine and thorax
- subcapularis
- rotary cuff location these 3
- rectus abdominis
- straight
- superior oblique
- slanted
- transverse abdominus
- crosswise direction of muscle fibers these 3
- What are Action muscles
- abductor adductor extensor flexor
- number of origins
-
biceps 2
triceps 3 - ligaments connect what
- bone to bone
- tendons are what
- tissues that connect muscle to bone
- Do tendons have elasticity?
- no
- what areflattened or ribbon-shaped tendons
- aponeuroses
- describe aponeuroses
- occur in sheets, are pearly white, glistening and similar to tendons
- describe tendons and aponeuroses
- connected on one side with muscles and movable structures on the other side
- what movable structures
- bones and cartilage
- where do tendons grow out of?
- muscle
- How are tendons named?
- by thier sponsoring muscle
- primary function of skeletal muscles
- contraction
- skeletal mucsle is under ____ control
- conscious
- muscles must cross
- a joint
- decreases the angle of a joint as in bending hinge joints
- flexion
- opposite of flexion movement increases thew angle of joint
- Extension
-
movement away from midline of body
(abducted run away!) - abduction
- movement toward bidline of body
- adduction (add with your fingers bring toward body)
- movement of bone around a longitudinal axis
- rotation
- example of rotation
- ball and socket joint
- moving the limb forms a cone or circle
- circumduction
- example of circumduction
- arms legs and fingers
- rotating palm downward
- pronation
- rotating palm upward
- supination
- turning sole of foot inward
- inversion
- turning sole of foot outward
- eversion
- pointing foot upward
- dorsiblexion
- pointing the foot downward
- plantar flexion
- when muscles contract across joints what movements are initated
- voluntary movements
- partially movable joints
- spine