Bio cahpter 10
Terms
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- Particulate Hypothesis
- The ____ states that parents pass on to their offspring separate and distict factors (called genes) that are responsible for inheritance.
- principle of independent assortment
- The ____ states that during gamete formation, a particular allele for one trait can be paired with either allele for another trait.
- crossing over
- ____ is the exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes.
- inheritance
- The passing of traits from one generation to the next is called ____...it is sometimes referred to a HEREDITY.
- hybrid
- The offspring of two "true-breeding" organisms is called a(n) ____.
- genotype
- The genetic makeup of an organism is called its ____. It is represented by the combination of alleles.
- sex-linked traits
- ____ are traits which are carried on the X or Y chromosomes only.
- Principle of Segregation
- The ____ states that two alleles for a character separate during the formation of sex cells so that each gamete carries only one allele for each character.
- x-linked traits
- Traits that are only carried on the X chromosome are called ____.
- alleles
- ____ are alternate forms of a gene...we used letters to represent these in class.
- traits
- Variations of a particular character are called ____.
- gene locus
- ____ refers to the location of a particular allele on the chromosome.
- incomplete dominance
- ____ occurs when neither allele is dominant for a particular trait...examples would be snapdragon and four o'clock flower colors.
- Y-linked traits
- Traits that are only carried on the Y chromosome are called ____.
- hemophilia
- ____ is a condition in which the body does not produce enough fibrin needed to clot the blood...this is an X-linked disorder.
- codominance
- ____ occurs when both alleles are equally dominant for a trait...an example of this would be hair color in cattle and horses.
- punnett square
- ____ are tools used by scientists to predict the outcome of a particular genetic cross.
- cross fertilization
- ____ occurs when the sperm of one organism fertilizes the egg of another organism.
- dominant traits
- ____ prevent the expression of recessive traits...represented by capital letters.
- monohybrid cross
- A cross in which the parents differ in only one character or trait is called a(n) ____.
- polygenic inheritance
- ____ occurs when two or more genes affect a single characteristic... produces a wide range of phenotypes...represented by a bell curve distribution.
- heterozygous
- ____ refers to alleles which are different from each other...examples would be Rr, Bb, Tt, Pp, etc.
- Mendel
- ____ is considered the "father of genetics"....was the first to use the experimental method to study inheritance.
- genetics
- The study of heredity and inheritance is called ____.
- dihybrid cross
- A(n) ____ is a cross in which the parents differ in two traits.
- F1 generation
- The first generation of offspring from the original set of parents is called the ____.
- Morgan
- ____ was the person responsible for discovering sex-linked traits.
- test cross
- A(n) ____ breeds an individual of unknown genotype but dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive individual.
- recessive traits
- ____ are only expressed when no dominant traits are present...represented by lower case letters.
- gene linkage
- ____ is the tendency for the alleles on one chromosome to be inherited together.
- homozygous
- ____ refers to two identical alleles...such as RR, BB, or rr and bb.
- F2 generation
- The second generation from the original set of parents is called the ____.
- blending hypothesis
- The ____ states that traits simply blended evenly in the offspring.
- law of probability
- The ____ explains the likelyhood of an occurance happening.
- phenotype
- The appearance of an organism is called its ____.