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Bio cahpter 10

Terms

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Particulate Hypothesis
The ____ states that parents pass on to their offspring separate and distict factors (called genes) that are responsible for inheritance.
principle of independent assortment
The ____ states that during gamete formation, a particular allele for one trait can be paired with either allele for another trait.
crossing over
____ is the exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes.
inheritance
The passing of traits from one generation to the next is called ____...it is sometimes referred to a HEREDITY.
hybrid
The offspring of two "true-breeding" organisms is called a(n) ____.
genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism is called its ____. It is represented by the combination of alleles.
sex-linked traits
____ are traits which are carried on the X or Y chromosomes only.
Principle of Segregation
The ____ states that two alleles for a character separate during the formation of sex cells so that each gamete carries only one allele for each character.
x-linked traits
Traits that are only carried on the X chromosome are called ____.
alleles
____ are alternate forms of a gene...we used letters to represent these in class.
traits
Variations of a particular character are called ____.
gene locus
____ refers to the location of a particular allele on the chromosome.
incomplete dominance
____ occurs when neither allele is dominant for a particular trait...examples would be snapdragon and four o'clock flower colors.
Y-linked traits
Traits that are only carried on the Y chromosome are called ____.
hemophilia
____ is a condition in which the body does not produce enough fibrin needed to clot the blood...this is an X-linked disorder.
codominance
____ occurs when both alleles are equally dominant for a trait...an example of this would be hair color in cattle and horses.
punnett square
____ are tools used by scientists to predict the outcome of a particular genetic cross.
cross fertilization
____ occurs when the sperm of one organism fertilizes the egg of another organism.
dominant traits
____ prevent the expression of recessive traits...represented by capital letters.
monohybrid cross
A cross in which the parents differ in only one character or trait is called a(n) ____.
polygenic inheritance
____ occurs when two or more genes affect a single characteristic... produces a wide range of phenotypes...represented by a bell curve distribution.
heterozygous
____ refers to alleles which are different from each other...examples would be Rr, Bb, Tt, Pp, etc.
Mendel
____ is considered the "father of genetics"....was the first to use the experimental method to study inheritance.
genetics
The study of heredity and inheritance is called ____.
dihybrid cross
A(n) ____ is a cross in which the parents differ in two traits.
F1 generation
The first generation of offspring from the original set of parents is called the ____.
Morgan
____ was the person responsible for discovering sex-linked traits.
test cross
A(n) ____ breeds an individual of unknown genotype but dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive individual.
recessive traits
____ are only expressed when no dominant traits are present...represented by lower case letters.
gene linkage
____ is the tendency for the alleles on one chromosome to be inherited together.
homozygous
____ refers to two identical alleles...such as RR, BB, or rr and bb.
F2 generation
The second generation from the original set of parents is called the ____.
blending hypothesis
The ____ states that traits simply blended evenly in the offspring.
law of probability
The ____ explains the likelyhood of an occurance happening.
phenotype
The appearance of an organism is called its ____.

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