AP Euro: Ch11: The Age of Reformation: 1-64

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c11 -establish Modern Devotion, centralized in Netherlands: Gerald Groote

#1 c11
c11 -fostered religious life outside formal ecclestical officies and apart from formal religious vows: The Modern Devotion (Brothers of the Common Life)

#2 cll
c11 -summarized philosophy of Common Life Brothers in book -guide to inner life: Thomas a Kempis/ "Imitation of Christ"

#3 c11
c11 officies granted by ruler or pope to individual: benefice

#4 c11
c11 -righteousness that God demands does not result fom religious cerimonies but given to those who believe in Christ -challenges infallibility of Pope, wants sovereign athority of Scripture alone: Martin Luther

#5 c11
c11 -by Luther, seemed to demand a perfection that could not be given by humans: "righteousness of God"

#6 c11
c11 -Luther, gradual process that extended b/t 1513 and 1518: "justification by faith alone"

#7 c11
c11 remission of temporal penalty imposed by priests on penitents: indulgence

#8 c11
c11 -refers to money given to preists by sinners as payment for their mortal sins: "works of satisfaction"

#9 c11
c11 -proclaimed existence of ___ - infinite reservoir of good works in churchs possession that could be given by pope: 1343: Pope Clement VI: "treasury of merit"

#10 c11
c11 -on basis of 'treasury of merit' church sold these which covered the works of satisfaction owed by penitents: "letters of indulgences"

#11 c11
c11 Pope Leo X -proceeds from were to be used to rebuild St. Peters Basilica -promised forgivness of all unrepented sins upon completion of certain acts: 1517: Jubillee Indulgence

#12 c11
c11 -indulgence preacher; enlisted to preach the indulgence in Albrechts territories b/c seasoned professional who reached people: John Tetzel

#13 c11
c11 -embraced by humanists and other reforms -made luther famous and prompted proceedings against him: "95 Thesis"/Whittenburg Door

#14 c11
c11 -succeeded grandfather and became___ -assisted by Hapsburg imperial rule and Fugger campaigne chest secured votes of seven electors -development of REformation by preventing unilateral imperial action against germans: Charles I of Spain/ Emperor Charles V

#15 c11
c11 -urged german princes to force reforms on Roman church especially to curtail political and economic power in germany: 1520: "The Address of the Christian Nobility of the Geramn Nation"

#16 c11
c11 -attacked traditional seven sacraments, arguing only two, Baptism and Eucharist, were biblical, and exalted authority of Scripture, councils, princes over pope: 1520: "The Babylonian Captivity of the Church"

#17 c11
c11 -summarized new teaching of salvation by faith alone: 1520: "Freedom of a Christian"

#18 c11
c11 -Leo's papal bull__condemned luther for heresy and gave him 60 days to retract: June 15, 1520: "Exsurge Domine

#19 c11
c11 final bull that excommunicated Luther: January 3, 1521: Decet Pontificem Romanum

#20 c11
ch11 -each german territory was free to enforce the Edict of Worms against Luther -gave princes territorial sovereignty in religious matters: 1526: German Diet of Speyer

#21 ch11
ch11 -Luther placed under imperial ban and thereafter became an outlaw to secular and religious athority: 1521: Edict of Worms

#22 ch11
ch11 -influenced by Euramus; opossed indulgences -competed for priest in Zurich but contested b/c fornitcation with woman but got position and reformed for clergy to marry --party to breaking of Lenten fast; whatever lacked literal: Ulrich Zwingli/ Swiss Reformation

#23 ch11
ch11 -Philip of Hesse brouth 2 Protestant learders together but they were unable to work out differences -disagreement splintered Protestant movment: 1529: Marburg Colloquy

#24 ch11
ch11 -'thanksgiving' celebration of last supper; considered central christian ritual -doctrine that entire substances of bread and wine are changed in the Eucharist into body and blood of Christ: Eucharist/ Transubstantiation
#25 ch11
ch11 definitive statement of Lutheran belief: Augsburg Confession

#26 ch11
ch11 -seperate defense leagues formed, semi-Swinglian theological views came embodied in: Tetrapolitan Confession

#27 ch11
ch11 -to rebaptize -distinguished by rejection of infant babtism adn insistence on only adult baptism: Anabaptist

#28 ch11
ch11 -Anabaptists originated; performed first adult rebaptism in Zurich -supported sity gov plea for gradual removal of tradictional religous practices -his group: Conrad Grebel/ The Swiss Brethren

#29 ch11
ch11 -Swiss Brethren embodied in -not only by their practise of adult bap. but also by refusal to go to war, swear oaths, and participate in secular gov: 1527: Schleitheim Confession

#30 ch11
ch11 -isolated indiv.-distain for tradition -only religous athority is God: Spiritualist

#31 ch11
ch11 -freelance critic of dogmatic religion, proclaimed the religious autonomy of every soul: Sebastian Franck

#32 ch11
ch11 -exponents of a commonsense, rational, and ethical religion: Antitrinitiarns

#33 ch11
ch11 -a founder of Socinianism -strongest opponents of Calvinism--its belief in original sin and predestination: Faustus Sozzini/ Socinianism

#34 ch11
ch11 -german sociologist;famous study-argues that this peculiar combination of religious confidence and self-disciplined activism produced an ethic that stimulated spirit of emergant capitalism: Max Weber/ (1904) "The Protestant Ethic and the Spitit of Capitalism"

#35 ch11
ch11 -son of bishop; own experience became model of reform that would later apply to recalitrant citizenry of Geneva -stressed sovereignty of God over all and necessity of conformity to His will: John Calvin

#36 ch11
ch11 -considered to be difinitive theological statement of Protestant faith -by Calvin: "Institutes of Christian Religion"

#37 ch11
ch11 -achieve his goal -'model Protestant city' -organized into 4 offices: 1-pastors; 2- teachers; 3- elders; 4- deacons: Strasbourg Model

#38 ch11
ch11 -they should live in a manifestly God-pleasing way -God had foreordanined all souls to salvation or damination (Calvinism): the "elect"/ predestination

#39 ch11
ch11 -strong worded Protestant confession by Luther in place of Augsburg Confession: 1538: Schmalkadic Articles

#40 ch11
ch11 Charles reinstated the Protestant leaders and guaranteed Lutherans religiou freedom: 1552: Peace of Passau

#41 ch11
ch11 made division of Christendom permanent: 1555: Peace of Augsburg

#42 ch11
ch11 the ruler of a land would determine the religion of the land: cuius regio, eius religio

#43 ch11
ch11 -english reformer who translatd New Testament into English: William Tyndale

#44 ch11
ch11 King Henry VIII defended seven sacraments against Luther and earned___from Leo X: Defender of the Faith

#45 ch11
ch11 -daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain -daughter Mary, husband Henry VIII -Charles worried about female heir: Catherine of Aragon

#46 ch11
ch11 -had Catherine, took Boleyn -could not get annulment -why not declare king supreme in English spiritual affairs: Henry VIII

#47 ch11
ch11 placed canon law under royal control and thereby the clergy under royal jurisdiction: 1532: Submission of the Clergy

#48 ch11
ch11 made Anne Boleyn's children legitamate heirs to the throne: 1534: Act of Succession

#49 ch11
ch11 by Parliament in 1534 that Henry VIII not the Pope was head of Church in England: 1534: Act of Supremacy

#50 ch11
ch11 -1536 executed for treason and child called illagitimate -Henry VIII second wife: Anne Boleyn

#51 ch11
ch11 -mild concessions to Protestant tenets, otherwise maintaining Catholic doctrine: Ten Articles of 1536

#52 ch11
ch11 -imposed Cranmers book on all English churches: 1549: Act of Uniformity

#53 ch11
ch11 -images and alters were removed form churches: Thomas Cranmer/ "Book of Common Prayer"

#54 ch11
ch11 -42 article -moderate Protestant doctrine; justification by faith, supremacy of Scripture: 1552: Second Act of Conformity

#55 ch11
ch11 "Men are to be changed by, not to change, religion" -by superior general of Hermits of Saint Augustine: 1513: Fifth Lateran Council

#56 ch11
ch11 -religious order of 16th century -to groom devout and reform minded leaders at high levels of church hierarchy: 1524: Theatines

#57 ch11
ch11 -founder of Jesuits -heroic figure; impressed by self sacrifice in Christian classics decided to serve church as a soldier of Christ: Ignatius of Loyola

#58 ch11
ch11 -new order of Jesuits -by Ignatius of Loyola in 1530s -officially recognized in 1540 by church -original 10 members to 15000 all over world: Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

#59 ch11
ch11 -Ignatitus applied lessons he learned to a program of religious and moral self discipline embodied in -mental and emotional exercises to teach spiritual mastery of feelings -can reshape behavior by practice: "Spiritual Exercises"

#60 ch11
ch11 -council of church met in 1545 at imperial city in northern Italy -3 sessions over 18 years with interruptions of war, plague, and politics -spaned over 4 diff popes -under Popes control only -most important reform: st: Council of Trent

#61 ch11
ch11 selling of church officies: simony

#62 ch11
ch11 -contended that conquest was not necessary for conversion -result of campaign was new royal regulation of conquest after 1550: Bartolome de Las Casas

#63 ch11
ch11 -another result of Las Casas compaign -portrayed all Spanish treatment of Indians as unprincipled and inhumane: "Black Legend"

#64 ch11
ch11 -Calvins successor -founded Genevan Academy; evolved into University of Geneva -training Calvinist ministers: Thedore Beza

#65 ch11

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Number of cards 65