Unit 5 Review
Terms for Unit 5
Terms
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- Montesquieu
- (1689-1755) wrote 'Spirit of the Laws', said that no single set of political laws was applicable to all - depended on relationship and variables, supported division of government
- Age of Absolutism
- Time period where kings and queens ruled domains with total control over their people.
- Fallow
- left unplowed and unseeded during a growing season
- Louis XIV
- king of France from 1643 to 1715
- William Harvey
- published On the Motion of the Heart and Blood (1628). Showed that the heart was the begining of the blood's circulation.
- Charles II
- as Charles II he was Holy Roman Emperor and as Charles I he was king of France (1630-1685)
- Geocentric
- having the earth as the center
- Enlightenment
- a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions
- John Locke
- English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
- Johnann bach
- a man
- Johannes Kepler
- German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)
- Peter the Great
- ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western europe, modernize and strengthen Russia
- Heliocentric
- having the sun as the center
- Oliver Cromwell
- English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)
- Voltaire
- French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)
- Isaac Newton
- English mathematician and scientist who invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. His treatise on gravitation, presented in Principia Mathematica (1687), was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple.
- Miguel de Cervantes
- Spanish writer best remembered for 'Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616)
- Constitutional monarchy
- constitution that explains the powers of the government and owes allegiance to a monarch
- Absolute monarchy
- a monarchy in which the ruler's power is unlimited (32)
- Nicolaus Copernicus
- Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)
- Divine rights of kings
- that god appointed all monarchs to rule on his behalf
- Thomas Hobbes
- English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
- Scientific method
- a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses
- Age of Reason
- a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions
- Charles I
- as Charles II he was Holy Roman Emperor and as Charles I he was king of France (1630-1685)
- Glorious Revolution
- A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Born 1756 in Austria. Musical prodigy. Traveled through Europe. Rebelled against church rules. Classical Style,
- William and Mary
- King and Queen of England in 1688. With them, King James' Catholic reign ended. As they were Protestant, the Puritans were pleased because only protestants could be office-holders.
- Scientific Revolution
- an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method
- English Bill of Rights
- King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.
- Frederick the Great
- king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786
- English Civil War
- civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I
- Eugene Delacroix
- French romantic painter, master of dramatic colorful scenes that stirred the emotions. Greatest romantic painters. Fascinated with remote and exotic subjects. Masterpiece: Liberty Leading the People
- Galileo Galilei
- Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars