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ABeka Science 6-2

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What is "antivenin"?
A medicine that deactivates venom from spider bites.
Name two ambushing spiders.
The ogre-faced spider and trapdoor spiders
Describe the "tick".
Rides on an animal, sucking its blood.
Name two hunting spiders.
spitting spiders and jumping spiders
Name four members of the insect order "Hemiptera" or "half wings".
bedbugs, squash bugs, stinkbugs, and water striders
Name the three trap-weaving spiders.
Platform spiders, funnel weavers, and house spiders
Give three characteristics that distinguish scorpions from spiders.
Scorpions have a long tail with a needle-like point; scorpions bear live young while spiders lay eggs; Scorpions have no tracheae or spiracles like spiders have
What two distinct body regions do all spiders have?
cephalothorax (like a head) and thorax
Describe the tarantula spider.
Do not see well; keen sense of touch; feed on insects, small reptiles, mammals and frogs; hide in burrows, under rocks, or on tree branches then pounce on prey; venom not dangerous to humans; leg span of 5-7 inches
What are an insects "lungs" called?
air sacs
Name two swimming spiders.
fishing spiders and water spiders
Describe a "mite".
Tiny, eight-legged creatures; Chiggers or "harvest mite" adults look much like red spiders
Describe the "harvestman" or "daddy longlegs".
Round body suspended between eight long, scrawny legs; not a spider because has only one body section; feeds on plant lice and insects; hunts for food; defense is an unpleasant musty smell
What do we call invertebrates that have external skeletons, jointed appendages (legs, antennae, etc.) and segmented bodies?
arthropods
Name the "hairy giant" spider.
Tarantula
What is a "parasite"?
An animal that feeds on living creatures.
Describe the "scorpion".
Long tail with a poisonous needlelike point on the end; defends itself by stabbing its victim; eats by crushing its prey with its pincers or mouth; bear live young; breathe entirely through book lungs
True or False: The classification system moves from general to specific.
True
Name four arachnids that are not members of the spider family.
Daddy longlegs, scorpions, ticks and mites
What two infections can a parasite cause in animals and humans?
mange in animals and scabies in humans
Describe the platform spider.
Blankets a small section of ground with a maze of silk called a "sheet web"; preys on fleas, grasshoppers, and other insects found in bushes and grass.
What classification of animal has three distinct body regions: the head, the thorax, and the abdomen?
Insects
What is the largest spider in the world?
Tarantula
What is a "host".
The animal the parasite feeds off of.
Describe the brown recluse spider.
half the size of a black widow (1/2 inch); dark violin-shaped mark on the top of its light brown or tan body; six tiny eyes groups in three pairs
What do we call a scientist who studies insects?
Entomologist
How do "jumping spiders" catch their prey?
Hunts like a cat hunts mice; waits on plants, fences, and buildings; pounces on nearby objects.
What is the smallest arachnid?
Mites
Describe a "funnel weaver" spider.
Web shaped like a funnel with wide opening facing up and narrow opening pointing down; when insects fall into the funnel, it quickly pounces on its prey.
What is the purpose of an insect's antennae?
To help them feel, hear and taste
How does the "water spider" survive?
It builds a silk underwater house (like a bubble) which it fills with air from the surface; then lives its entire life underwater in this house. It leaves the "house" to hunt for food.
Name two arachnids that are parasites.
Ticks and mice
Describe a "house spider".
Weaves untidy cobwebs; destroys tiny household pests
Which category is the smallest, most specific category in the classification system?
Species
What body section of a spider consists of a combined head and thorax?
Cephalothorax
What is the name of the order of insects which includes all beetles?
Coleoptera (meaning "sheath wings")
List six differences between insects and spiders.
1. Body Shape: Insects have three (head, thorax and abdomen) and Spiders have two (cephalothorax and abdomen).
2. Insects have six legs; spiders have eight.
3. Insects have two simple and two compound eyes; spiders have eight simple eyes.
4. Insects have clear vision; spiders poor.
5. Insects have wings; spiders do not.
6. Insects have antennae; spiders do not.
7. Insects breathe through spiracles and tracheae; spiders breathe through spiracles, tracheae and book lungs
All insects have how many pairs of jointed legs?
Three
How does the "fishing spider" catch its prey?
Chases insects on the surface of the water or lures insects and small grogs within reach by sitting quietly and vibrating its legs to create a ripple. When the prey comes close enough, it dives down and catches it.
Name three insects in the order "Hymenoptera", meaning "membrane wings". They are social and live together in colonies.
Bees, ants and wasps
What two poisonous spiders are found in the United States?
Black widow and the brown recluse
What are the two types of metamorphosis?
Complete or incomplete
How does the "ogre-faced spider" capture its prey?
Hangs from a thin strand of silk by one or two feet until an insects walks underneath; then drops a net over the insect, pulls it tight, and hoists the insect up into the air.
What do an arthropod's jointed legs and segmented bodies provide?
flexibility and the ability to crawl, walk, and jump
Describe the black widow spider.
found in dark basements, sheds, piles of sticks and other sheltered areas; just under an inch in length; red, orange, or yellow "hourglass" on its black abdomen.
What are the five types of vertebrates?
birds, mammals, fish, amphibians, and reptiles
How does the "spitting spider" capture its prey?
Creeps to within firing range of an insect, spits out a pair of strong, sticky threads; moves in and paralyzes it with a poisonous bite.
Air enters an insect's body through tiny openings in the abdomen called what?
Spiracles
How do "trapdoor spiders" capture their prey?
Dig a hole in the ground, like it with silk, and build a silk trap door. It hides the door with dirt and leaves and waits inside the pit until an unsuspecting insect walks over; then it lunges out and surprises the prey.
Insects have both simple eyes and compound eyes. What are the purposes of each?
Simple eyes help them see light and shadow; compound eyes help them see in many directions at once.
What three types of silk are produced by a spider's special glands?
strong, eleastic silk; sticky silk; and wrapping silk
Most insects have how many pair of wings?
One or more
What is a "book lung"?
A special organ in a spider where several thin sheets of tissue filled with blood vessels are stacked like pages in a book. It assists the spider in breathing.
Name the 7 categories in the Classification System.
Kingdom (animals), Phylum (Vertebrates), Class (Mammals), Order (Carnivores), Family (Felids), Genus (Felis), Species (Catus)
Where does a spider produce silk to make webs?
In glands
What is an "invertebrate"?
An animal without a backbone.
How do spiders breathe?
Through spiracles, tracheae and their book lung
Name the only two insects who belong to the order "Odonata" meaning "toothed" for the toothlike projections these insects have on their mouths.
Dragonflies and damselflies (long, slender bodies, huge eyes, and two pairs of equal-sized transparent wings)
What are "setae"?
Sensitive hairs the grow all over the body of a spider.
Who developed the Classification System?
Carolus Linnaeus (in the 1700s)
What are "spinnerets"?
Special tubelike structures in a spider which squirt long, thin streams of liquid silk which then harden so the spider can shape it with its feet.
What does the external skeleton provide for an arthropod?
protection, strength, and support
What is "ballooning"?
Young spiders sail through the air on silk strands that carry them from their place of birth to new homes.
About 90% of all arthropods belong to which class from the classification system?
Insects
What are the four stages of the complete metamorphosis of a butterfly?
Egg, larva (wormlike eating and growing stage), pupa (resting stage), and adult butterfly
What are the breathing tubes called?
tracheae
Name six insects belonging to the order "Homoptera" meaning "same wings". When not flying, their wings rest on their back in the shape of a tent.
aphids, tree hoppers, leaf hoppers, cicadas, scale insects and the lac.
Name four insects which belong to the order "Orthoptera" meaning "straight wings".
crickets, grasshoppers, locusts, and cockroaches
Spiders belong to the class of insects called what?
Arachnids
What does a butterfly rest in during the pupa stage of metamorphosis?
Chrysalis
What are the four stages a grasshopper goes through during its incomplete metamorphosis?
egg, nymph (miniature, wingless adult), molting (sheds its external skeleton), and adult grasshopper.
What is "classification"?
The process of arranging animals or other things into groups according to their similarities.
What is a "vertebrate"?
An animal with a backbone.
What is a complete change in form or appearance called?
Metamorphosis
What is an arthropod's strong, lighweight external skeleton (exoskeleton) made of?
Protein and chitin
What two categories from the classification system are used to give a plant or animal its "scientific name"?
Genus and species
Name three members of the insect order "Diptera" or "two wings".
Flies, gnats, and mosquitoes
What is the name of the insect order which includes butterflies and moths? Thousands of microscopic scales on each wing give them the colors and markings we enjoy.
Lepidoptera or "scale wings".
What are the two kingdom divisions in the classification system?
the Plant Kingdom and the Animal Kingdom
Which category is the largest, most general category in the classification system?
Kingdom
What does a moth rest in during the pupa stage of metamorphosis?
Cocoon
How many legs does a spider have?
Eight
How many simple eyes do most spiders have?
Eight
What is a "cephalothorax"?
The head of a spider

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