Religion midterm terms
Terms
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- religio
- to bind together - people, sacre and secular, past and present and view future
- ritual
- symbolic act/behavior, predicted and repeated worshipful acts - repitition, specific intentions, patterned performance, traditional meanings, and purposefulness
- sacred
- to set apart, ultimate reality, source of real/power
- myth
- false story, mystery, narrates/proclaims truth, gives beginning
- symbolization
- use of symbols to convey meaning
- mystery
- transcends, thought-reason. R Oro said the ideo of Holy is a terrifying and fascinating mystery.
- symbolism
- 3 categories: symbol (person/place/thing), ritual (act/behavior), or word/communication (myth/scripture)
- secularization
- the activity of changing something so it is no longer under the control or influence of religion
- sacred pipe
- offering to the Great Spirit, 4 ribbons on the pipe represent the quarters of the universe, the hide on the mouthpeice is that of Bison to represent Earth.
- Nation's Hoop
- teepees were round like the nests of birds, and these were always set in a circle, the nation's hoop, a nest of many nests, where the Great Spirit meant for us to hatch our children."
- ghost dance
- many participants would faint or enter into a trance where they would see and speak to their dead relations.
- White Buffalo Women
- The White Buffalo Women's gift of the Sacred Pipe is a creation myth that includes the words "With this you shall multiply and be a good nation," suggesting familiarity with Genesis 1
- Sun Dance
- presided over by Sitting Bull. A tree is found tp be put in the middle of a big circle. Pregnant women are the first to dance around it. A very brave warrior counts coup upon the tree and gives away gifts. Young maidens chop the tree down and warriors charge into the center where the tree had stood, which is now a sacred spot. This act ensures their safety in battle. Everyone feasts. The next day, the tree is planted in the center of the dancing place. Nursing babies are laid at its base. Young children’s ears are pierced. The next day the dancing begins. Dancers are tied to the tree by a thong of rawhide inserted through the skin of their backs or chests. They dance, pulling at the strip of rawhide until they cannot bear it or until their flesh rips
- Wounded Knee
- On Dec 29, 1890, Black Elk sees soldiers riding toward Wounded Knee Creek and hears shots being fired. He puts on his sacred shirt and rides out. About 20 more Indians join him as they ride toward Wounded Knee. There they see cavalry soldiers firing on women and children who are hiding in a gulch. They ride into the fight to try to save their relatives. Black Elk, armed only with his bow, charges a group of soldiers. They see the aftermath of the massacre at Wounded Knee—how men, women, and children were killed trying to escape. There were about 100 Indian warriors and 500 cavalry soldiers. After the battle, a blizzard came up and covered the bodies.
- wasichu
- whita man
- Wakantanka
- Great Spirit, Great Mystery, Great Holy
- vision quest
- an experience of deeper understanding of Nature and Spirit
- Orthodox
- stand by a historical form of their religion.
- reform
- began in 19th century in Germany; remove antiquated and oriental practices, vernacular language instead of Hebrew, rebuilding of temple and return to Israel were removed.
- TANAK
- Jewish scripture consiting of the torah, nevi'im, and ketuvim
- Torah
- penteteuch, 1st 5 books of the Bible, law and guidelines of living, Moses is author
- Nevi'im
- prophets - historical books
- Ketuvim
- writings - hymns, psalms, proverbs, Job
- Exodus
- Moses led the Israelites out of Egyptian slavery, commandments are given
- JEPD
- Judean, Ephrian, Priestly, and Deuteronomy - the 4 sources of Jewish scripture
- Talmud
- codified compendium of Jewish lw and lore, 2 kinds: Jerusalem and Babylonian
- Midrash
- process of studying the Jewish Torah - 2 forms - Halakah (legal) and Haggadah (nonlegal)
- Mishnah
- edition of oral Torah done under Judah the Prince
- covenant
- sacred contract dictated by God to humans
- 1st Temple
- built under King Solomon as a permanent home for the Ark of the Covenant. Destroyed in 586 BCE
- David
- 2nd King of Israel - greatest king-composer of psalms, made Jerusalem capital
- messiah
- the anointed one
- 2nd temple
- cyrus allows the rebuilding of the Temple in 538. Romans take over in 50 BCE andthe temple is burnt down in 70 CE
- rabbi
- a Jewish teacher, they survived the destruction of Judea
- synagogue
- meeting place for Jewish study and worship
- Passover
- Israelites spared from the death of their 1st born by placing lamb's blood on their doorpost...Seder dinner
- anti-semitisim
- prejuidice against Jews
- Holocaust
- genocide of 6 million Jews by German Nazis.
- Babylonian exile
- jews were exiled to Babylonia for 50 years
- Indus River Valley Civilization
- 2500 BCE - Hindu origins
- sruti
- Hindu scripture which is heard by the gods. example: vedas, brahmana, upanishads
- Vedas
- old oral tradition centered around practices of sacarfice. There are four vedas.
- Brahmanas
- describes the meaning of the sacraficial action
- Shakti
- power of glance, word, touch, or thought of the guru
- Upanishads
- sacrafices done internally
- smrti
- Hindu scripture - that which is remembered
- Dharma Sutras
- Hindu guide to life, law, duty, truth. Duties for members of the caste system
- epics
- long historic narratives
- Mahabharata
- 500 BCE-100 CE - long Hindu epic that includes the Bhagavad Gita
- Brahmins
- hindu priests
- samsara
- continuous cycle of birth death and rebirth
- moksha
- liberation from samsara
- Rta
- signifies cosmic order of universe,It is the 12-spoked wheel of the cyclical year, Seen as the path one follows to a goal. Also seen as Truth
- Agni
- god of fire, fire of the sacrafice
- Prajapati
- god of the sacrafice
- Soma
- drink used at the sacrafice
- Vishnu
- god of sacraficial space
- Avatar
- and incarnation of Vishnu during chaoctic times
- Siva
- supreme as lord of yogis, absolute consciousness, creator, preserver, and destroyer of the world
- karma
- actions and their effects in this life and the next
- Puranas
- 500 CE - hindu scriptures written to popularize the abstract truths of Vedas through stories about historical and legendary figures
- Durga
- great goddess of as destroyer of evil
- Parusha Sukta
- creation, sacrafice = reality,
- jatis
- divisions in castes generally by profession
- Bhagavad Gita
- Song of the Supreme Exaleted One
- bhakti
- intense devotion to a personal aspect of the deity
- Vedanta
- pure devotion and univrsal spiritual wisdom Ramakrishna embodied inspired
- jnana
- secret knowledge of the universe
- yoga
- one of the 4 ways of liberation
- Asvamedha
- sacrafice of a horse by a king that just conquered new territory. The queen then has sex with the dead horse
- atman
-
altar, where sacrafice was done
self - Kali
- destroying and transforming Mother of the world
- darsan
- visual contact with the divine through encounters with Hindu images or gurus.
- Krishna
- glorious manifesttion of the Supreme
- Brahman
- one god, essence of reality. All other gods are expressions of Brahman