Unit 5 Review
this is to help study for tests and quizzes.
Terms
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- Charles 2
- his successor James 2 was disliked for his support of Catholicism in England
- fallow
- left unplowed and unseeded during a growing season
- Heliocentric
- Theroy that sun is center of the universe
- Divine Rights of kings
- the theory that god appointed all monarchs to rule on his behalf
- Montesquieu
- French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)
- English Bill of Rights
- King WIlliam and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with parliament and the people.
- Geocentric
- measured from the earth's center; having the earth as a center
- Johannes Keppler
- Father of Mondern Astronomy, a German mathematician confirmed the heliocentric theory with observations
- Charles 1
- tried to advocate the divine right of kings and much Catholic influence
- William Harvey
- published On the Motion of the Heart and Blood
- Miguel de Cervantes
- considered the first novel, about a man who wanders through the countryside thinking that he's a knight
- Oliver Cromwell
- leader of a military, ruled England until 1658, was a dictator
- Wolfgang Amadues Mozart
- Born 1756 in Austria, from a musical family, musical prodigy
- John Locke
- English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
- Thomas Hobbes
- English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
- Voltaire
- French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)
- Galileo Galilei
- built a telescope and was the first to make regular observations with it
- Frederick the Great
- was the ruler of Prussia, he centralized the govenment and put it under his control
- Constitutional Monarchy
- A King or Queen is the official head of state but power is limited by a constitution.
- Glorious Revolution
- bloodless overthrow of King James II by King William and Queen Mary.
- Enlightment
- movement that began in Europe in the late 1600s as people began examining the natural world, society, and government; also called the age of reason
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- Wrote Discourse on the Origins of the Inequality of Mankind, The Social Contract, & Emile. He identified the human nature was originally happy but was corrupted when man claimed that they owned land. Said the government must rule at the general will of the people so that the most people are benefited. Hated Parlaiment because the delegates made laws not the people.
- Age of Reason
- a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions
- Isaac Newton
- Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosphy, defined the lawsof motion and gravity
- Peter the Great
- became ruler of Russia when he was 22, moved the capital to St.Petersburg
- Scientific Method
- a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses
- Nicolaus Copernicus
- published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in 1543
- William and Mary
- Joint monarchs that ruled after glorious revolution under constitutional monarchy
- Eugene Delacriox
- Born 1798 in France, Romantic, use of color
- Age of Absolutism
- 1650-1789, a purposeful attempt by European rulers to attend their royal or dynastic control over all aspects of life in the lands they ruled
- Scientific Revolution
- an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method
- Absolute Monarchy
- a system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power
- Louis 14
- was recognized as one of the most powerful monarchs of Europe,he moved the capital from Paris to Versailles
- Johann Sebastian Bach
- Born 1685 in Germany, from a musical family, studied music all of his life
- English Civil War
- civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I