Oral Diagnosis Terminology
Terms
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- a decrease in the number of granulocytes in peripheral blood resulting from bone marrow depression by drugs and chemicals or replacement by a neoplasm. Oral lesions are ulceronecrotic, involving the gingiva, tongue, buccal mucosa, or lips. Regional lypha
- Agranulocytosis
- a hypersensitivity reacdtion of the body to an allergen; an antigen-antibody reaction is manifested in several forms - anaphylaxis, asthma, hay fever, etc.
- Allergic reaction
- the examination procedure of listening for sounds produced by the body to detect or judge an abnormal condition.
- auscultation
- a violent allergic reaction characterized by sudden collapse, shock, or respiratory and circulatory failure after injectdion of an allergen
- anaphylaxis
- a term indicating that the concentration of hemoglobin or the number of red blood cells is below the accepted normal value with respect to age and sex. In true ____, the total concentration of hemoglobin, or the total number of erythrocytes, is below nor
- Anemia
- a spasmodic, choking pain. The term is sometimes applied to the disease producing the pain (for example, Ludwig’s angina).
- Angina
- the spontaneous swelling of the lips, cheeks, eyelids, tongue, soft palate, pharynx, and glottis, frequently associated with allergy to foods or drugs and lasting from several hours to several days. Involvement of the glottis results in obstruction of th
- Angioedema (angioneurotic edema)
- a drug that delays or prevents coagulation of blood
- anticoagulant
- agents that lower or reduce high blood pressure
- antihypertensives
- periodic episodes of aphthous lesions lasting from 1 week to several months. Trauma, menses, immunologic factors, upper respiratory tract infections, and herpes simplex are suggested causes. The single or multiple discrete or confluent ulcers have a well
- Apthous ulcer
- pathologic conditions or disorders such as leukemia or hemophilia in which any of the constituents of the blood are abnormal or are present in abnormal quantity.
- Blood Dyscrasia
- the involuntary gnashing, grinding, or clenching of teeth. Bruxism is usually an unconscious activity, whether the individual is awake or asleep; often associated with fatigue, anxiety, emotional stress, or fear, and frequently triggered by occlusal irre
- Bruxism
- an infection by Candida albicans
- Candidiasis
- infection by a fungus of the genus Candida, usually C. albicans. May involve the mouth (thrush), female genitalia, skin, hands, nails, and/or lungs. Oral _____ refers to thrush or to mycotic stomatitis. The latter term is sometimes applied to erythematou
- moniliasis
- a disease caused by Candida albicans and characterized by white patches that scrape off with some difficult, leaving bleeding bases. This term usually is used for the intraoral disease, whereas moniliasis is applied to the condition in other areas of inf
- Thrush
- the decay or death of a bone
- Caries
- an infectious disease with progressive destruction of tooth substance, beginning on the exsternal surface by demineralization of enamel or exposed cementum
- Dental Caries
- the symptom or reason for which the patient seeks treatment. the most troublesome ailment, problem, or symptom.
- chief complaint (C.C.)
- chronic degenerative disease of the liver in which blood flrow is restricted and metabolic and dtexification functions are 9impiared or destroyed. _______ is most commonly the result of chronic alcohol abuse.
- cirrhosis
- any symptom or circumstance indicating the inappropriateness of a from of treatment otherwise advisable.
- contraindication
- gradual recovery of health and strength after disease; the time between the subsidence of a disease and complete restoration to health.
- convalescence
- desructgion and usually removal of the pulp from a tooth.
- devitalization
- a metabolic disorder caused primarily by a defect in the production of insulin by the islet cells of the pancreas resulting in an inability to use carbohydrates. Characterized by hyperglycemia, glycosuria, polyuria, hyperlipemia (caused by imperfect cata
- diabetes mellitus
- diabetes that includes patients requiring the administration of insulin to prevent ketosis. previously called juvenile onsent diabetes
- insulin dependent (IDDM) type 1
- diabetes that includes patients who can maintain proper blood sugar levels within the administration of insulin. previously called maturity onset diabetes
- non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) type 2
- a metabolic disturbance characterized by marked urinary excretion and great thrist but no elevation of sugar output of antidiuretic hormone, leading to polyuria dn polydispia
- diabetes insipidus
- the translation of data gathered by clinical and radiographic examination into an organzied, classified definintion of the conditions present.
- diagnosis
- type of filtration used to separate smaller molecules from larger ones contained in a solution. the molecular solution is placed on one side of a semipermeable membrane and water on the other side. the smaller molecules pass through the membrane into the
- dialysis
- faulty nutrition. often used to refer to the results of faulty nutrition, that is, wasting away
- dystrophy
- enzyme linked immunosorbent assay used to detect the presence of HIV antibody to HIV in the blood.
- ELISA
- the chemical or mechanicochemical destruction of tooth substance, the mechanism of which is incompletely known, which leads to the createion of concavities of many shapes at the cementoenamel junction of teeth. the surface of the cavity, unlike dental ca
- erosion
- a group of neurologic disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances, abnormal beharior, and loss of consciousness. most ______ is of an unknown cause, but may be associated with cerebral trauma, brain tumors,
- epilepsy
- causative factors; the factdors implicated in the causation of disease; the study of the factors causing disease
- etiology
- the environmental influences that may be implicated int eh causation or perpetuation of a disease process.
- local factors
- generalized biologic factors that are implicated in the causation, modification, or perpetuation of a disease entity. within the oral cavity, the actions of the _______ are modified by interaction with local factors
- systemic factors
- originating or caused by aspects external to a body
- exogenous
- an abnormal tract connecting two body surfaces or organs leading from a pathologic or natural internal cavity to the surface. the tract may be lined with epithelium.
- fistula
- a sex linked genetic disease manifested in males and characterized by severe hemorrhage.
- hemophilia
- the expectoration of blood, by coughing, from the larynx or lwer respiratory tract
- hemoptysis
- the escape of a large amount of blood from the blood vessels in a short period; excessive bleeding
- hemorrhage
- anticoagulant which acts in combiniation with antithrombin III to inhibit thrombosis; inactivates factor Xa and inhibits conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
- heparin
- inflammation of the liver
- hepatitis
- an increased and excessive amount of blood in a tissue. the ______ may be active to passive
- hyperemia
- hyperemia caused by an increased flow of blood to an area by active dilation of both the arterioles and the capillaries. it is associated with neruogenic, hormonal, and metabolic function
- Active hyperemia
- hyperemia caused by a decreased outflow of blood from an area. it may be generalized, resulting from cardiac, renal, or pulmonary disorders, or it may be localized, as in the roal cavity, and caused by pressure from mechanical or physical obstruction or
- Passive hyperemia
- the abnormal multiplication or increase in the number of normal cdells in normal arrangement in a tissue or organ, resulting in a thickening or enlargement of the tissue or organ; an enlargement of tissue beneath a denture that is traumatizing the soft t
- hyperplasia
- abnormalities of calorigenic mechanisms, body tissues, blood, and body fluids and of the circulatory, muscular, and nervous systems resulting from an excessive elaboration of thyroid hormone.
- hyperthyroidism
- diminished activity of the thyroid gland with decreased secretion of thyroxin, resulting in lowered basal metabolic rate, lethargy, sleepiness, dysmenorrheal in females, and a tendency toward obesity. Occasionally there is accompanying gingival hyperplas
- hypothyroidism
- the maintenance of an ideal environment with regard to tomeperature, light, air, and humidity in order to foster development of an organixm or culture.
- incubation
- bacterial infection of the heart valves. it may occur in normal or compromised valves. an increasing occurrence of the disease has been documented in those with prosthetic valved replacements, known as prosthetic valve endocarditis
- infective endocarditis
- the cellular and vascular response or reactdion to injury. ______ is characterized by pain, redness, swelling, heat, disturbance or function. does not equal infection, which implies an initiation by invasion of living organisms.
- inflammation
- a hormone produced by the beta cells of the islets of langerhans in the pancrease. it promotes a dercrease in blood sugar. its action may be influenced by the pituitary growth hormone, ACTH and others.
- insulin
- condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of bilirubin in the blood and manifeste by a yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and cornea. seen in hemolytic anemias, biliary obstruction, hepatitis, etc. oral mucous membranes may
- jaundice
- a condition affecting blood vessels; believed to be of a neoplastic nature and of multicentric origin. Skin lesions appear as multiple red-brown nodules ranging from a few mm to 1 cm in size.
- Kaposi's Sarcoma
- any disease process that involves a lymph node or nodes.
- lymphadenopathy
- involvement of all or several regionally separated groups of lymph nodes by a systemic disorder
- generalized lymphadnopathy
- swerlling of the lymph nodes that is associated with HIV infection and AIDS
- persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
- involvedment of nodes draining a specific region
- regional lymphadenopathy
- general feeling of discomfort and uneasiness, often the first indication of an infection or other disease
- malaise
- a lesion that is not elevated above the surface
- Macule
- (relationship of teeth in occlusion), a deviation in intramaxillary and/or intermaxillary relations of teeth that presents a hazard to the individual’s well-being. Often associated with other dentofacial deformities.
- Malocclusion
- – a type of malocclusion occurring in persons who cannot close all their teeth while holding their condyles in the rearmost position. Instead, in closure they first contact one or two pairs of poorly coupled teeth. To gain occlusal contacts of the othe
- deflective malocclusion
- change of position, state, or form; the spread of a disease-producing agency (as cancer cells or bacteria) from the initial or primary site of disease to another part of the body; the process by which such spreading occurs. A secondary malignant tumor re
- metastasis
- an oclcusion or blockage of arteries supplying the muscles of the heart, resulting in injury or necrosis of the heart muscle (heart attact)
- myocardial infarction
- acute or chronic inflammation of the kidney affecting the structure and caused by infection, a degeneratvie process, or vascular disease.
- nephritis
- related to a hospital; a condition described as _____ is one that occurs as a direct result of hospital treatment
- nosocomial
- bone necrosis secondary to irradiation and superimposed infection
- osteoradioncerosis
- mucus, multiple gray/white patch overlying an area of ulceration and occurring on the oral mucosa as an expression of secondary syphilis; highly infectious
- patch
- a small, circumscribed, solid elevated lesion
- Papule
- secondary lesion of syphilis seen at the angle of the lips, resulting from the formation of a papule that becomes fissured because of its position
- split papule
- rfelating to, marked by, or causing petechiae or petechiation
- petechial
- capillary hemorrhages producing small red or puplish pinhead sized discolorations of the mucous membrane and skin. ____ are typical of blood dyscrasias, vit C deficiency, etc.
- petechial
- abnormally increased thirst
- polydipsia
- disproportionate appetite or eating
- polyphagia
- the passage of an ab normally increased volume of urine. it may result from increased intake of fluids, inadequate renal function, uncontrolled diabetes, et.
- polyuria
- an element that causes or contributes to the occurence of a disorder or problem
- precipitating factors
- increased vulnerability to a particular disease based on genetic factors or the existence of certain underlying conditions not yet active or revealed.
- predisposed
- precancerous
- premalignant
- the prevention of disease
- prophylaxis
- a series or precedures whereby calculus, stain, and other accretions are removed from the clinical crowns of the teeth, and the clinical crowns of the teeth are polished
- dental prophylaxis
- a glycoprotein precursor or thrombin that is produced in the liver and is necessary for the coagulation of blood.
- prothrombin
- originating in the mind or in mental or emotional conflict
- psychogenic
- a severe, apparently infectious disease produced by hemolytic streptococci organisms or associated with their presence in the body; characterized by upper respiratory tract inflammation, cervical lymphadenopathy and lymphadenitits, polyarthritis, cardiac
- Rheumatic Fever
- a sudden attack; the physical manifestations (as convulsions, sensory distrubances, or loss of consciousness) resulting from abnormal electrical discharges in the brain (as in epilepsy)
- Seizure
- an indication of the existence of something; any objective evidence of a disease.
- sign
- a cavity, recess, or hollow space
- sinus
- inflammation of the soft tissues of the mouth occurring as a result of mechanical, chemical, thermal, viral, electrical, or radiation injury or reactions to allergens or as secondary manifestations of systemic disease
- stomatitis
- any morbid phenomenon or departure from the normal in function, appearance, or sensation, experienced by teh patient and indicative of disease.
- symptom
- swooning of fatining; temporary suspension of consciousness caused by cerebral anemia
- syncope
- 1. the joint formed by the two condyles of the mandible 2. the bilateral articulation between the glenoid or mandibular fossae of the temporal bones and condyles, of the mandible.
- TMJ
- a loss of covering epthelium from the skin or mucous membranes, causing gradual disintegration and necrosis of the tissues
- Ulcer
- a vascular reaction pattern of the skin marked by the transient appearance fo smooth, slighly elevated patches that are more red or more pale than the surrounding skin and are accompanied by severe itching. also called hives
- urticaria
- an agent that causes a rise in blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels. in local areas, it causes constricton of the arterioles and capillaries.
- vasoconstrictor
- edematous elevation fo the skin or mucosa
- wheal
- dryness of the mouth resulting from functional or organic disturbances of the salivary glands and lack of the normal secretion, primarily caused by prescribed medications. dryness, loss of basic environment, and resultant overgrowth of oral microorganism
- xerostomia