a&p test #2
Terms
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copy deck
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many layers of cells, surface cells are flat; lower cells rounded; lower layer undergoes mitosis
epidermis, lining of esophagus, vagin - stratified squamous epithelium
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one layer of cubed shaped cells
thyroid gland secrets thyroxine
salivary glands secretes saliva
kidney tubles permits reabsorstion - cuboidal epithelium
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many layers of cells; surface cells cange from rounded to flat
lining of uninary bladder permits expansion without tearing - transitional epithelium
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one layer of colum shaped cells
lining of stomach secrets gastic juices
lining of samll intestine secretes enzymes and absorbs products of digestion - columnar epithelium
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one layer of flat cells
alveoli of the lungs thin permits diffustion
capillaries thin to permit exhanges of material - simple squamous epithielum
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one layer of columnar cells with cilia on their free surfaces
ling of tracha sweeps mucus and and dust to the pharynx
lining of fallopian tube sweeps ovum toward uterus - ciliated
- ichthy/o
- dry, scaly
- horny tissue, hard cornea
- kerat/o
- milk
- lact/o
- breast
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mamm/o
mast/o - hidden
- crypt/o
- fat
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adip/o
lip/o
steat/o - gland
- aden/o
- skin
- -derma
- dry
- xer/o
- nail
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onych/o
ungu/o - hair
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pil/o
trich/o - hardening
- scler/o
- scaly
- squam/o
- nipple
- thel/o
- fungus
- myc/o
- sweat
- hidr/o
- under, below
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hypo-
sub- - excessive, above, normal
- hyper-
- above, upon
- epi-
- cell
- -cyte
- record
- -gram
- instrument for recording
- -graph
- treatment
- -therapy
- study of
- -logy
- specialist in the study of
- -logist
- process of recording
- -graphy
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small tapered cells with no striation and one nucleus each
location- walls of arteries
function- maintains blood pressure
peristlaisis
regulates size of pupils
effect of nerve impluses bring about contraction involintary - smooth
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large cylindrical cells with striations and several nuclei each
location attached to bone
function moves the skeleton and produces heat
effect of nerve impulses, essential to cause contraction
volintary - skeletal
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branched cells with faint striations and one nucleus each
location walls of chambers of the heart
function pumps blood
effect of nerve impulses regulate only the rate of contraction - cardiac
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osteocytes in a matrix of calcium salts and collagen
location bones
function support the body - bone
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adipocytes that store fat
location subcutanous
function stores excess energy around eyes and kidneys - adipose
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mostly collagen fibers with few fibroblast
location tendons and ligaments
function strong to withstand forces of movement of joints - fibrous
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chondrocytes in a flexible protein matrix
location wall of trachea
function keeps airway open on joint surfaces of bones - cartilage
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mostly eslastin fibers with few fibroblasts
location walls of large arteries
functions helps maintain blood pressure around alfeoli in lungs - elastic
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plasma and red blood cess, white blood cells and platlets
location within blood vessels
function plasma transport material
rbcs carry oxygen
wbcs destroy pathogens
platlets prevents blood loss - blood
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fiberblasts and matrix of tissue, fluid, cllagen, elastin fibers
location subcutaneous
functions connects skin to muscle - areolar
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smaill crackline sore or break exposing the dermis usually red
athletes foot, cheilosis - fissure
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elevated lesion containing pus that may be sterile or contaminated with bacteria small abcess on the skin
acne pustular psoriasis - pustule
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loss of epidermis and dermis within a distinct border
pressure sore basal cell carcinoma - ulcer
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flat discolored bed lesion of size
freckle flat mole - macule
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solid elevated lesion
nerves warts pimple - papule
- is made of calcium and collagen and is strong, hard and not flexible
- bone
- found on the joint surfaces of bone where it is smooth, helps prevent friction
- cartilage
- within the cartilage matrix, there are no capillaries within the cartilage matrix so these cells are nourished by diffusion the the matrix a slow process
- chondrocyte
- is the protein that makes tendons, ligaments and other connective tissure strong. vitiam c plays a role in the synthesis
- collagen
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there are several kinds some which amy at first seem more different than alike
they include areolar, adipose, firous, and elsstic tissue as well as bone blood and cartilage - connective tissue
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ductless gland, group of chemical called hormones which enter capillaries and are circulated throughout the body
exp thyroid gland, adrenal and pituitary - endocrine gland
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fibers are elastic
able to return to their origianl leenght or recoil after being streched - elastin
- found on surfaces as covering or lining they have no capillaries of their own, they recieve oxygen and nutreients from the blood supply of the connective tisue beneath them
- epithelial tissue
- have ducts to take secretions away from the gland to the site of its function exp salivary gland
- exocrine gland
- red bone marrow and lympatic tissue which includes the spleen and lymph nodes
- hemopoietic tissue
- structual network or solution of nonliving intercellural material
- matrix
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line the body tracts that have openings to the enviroment
respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive - musous membrane
- specialized for contraction
- muscle tissue
- forms the walls of the chambers of the heart
- myocardium
- functions include sensation, movement, the rapid regulation of body sunctiuon such as heart rate and breathing and the organization of information for learning and memory
- nerve tissue
- capable of generating and transmitting electrochemical impulses
- neurons
- transmits impluses acress synapses chemicals are released by anons
- neurotransmitter
- bone cell
- osteocyte
- 52 to 62% total blood volume
- plasma
- the production and release of a cellular product with a useful purpose
- secretion
- sheets of simple squamous epithelium that line some closed body cavities
- serous membrane
- small space which an electrical impluse cannot cross
- synapse
- cells or organs that secrete or produce a substance that has a function either at that site or at more distant site
- glands
- carry oxygen bonded to their hemoglobins
- red blood cells
- destoy pathogens and provid us with immunity to some diseases
- white blood cells
- prevent blood loss the process of blood clotting
- platelets
- store fat in microscopic droplets, true fate are the chemical form of long term energy storage
- adipose tissue
- sheets of tissue that cover or line surfaces or seperate organs
- membranes
- serous membranes of the thoracic cavity
- pleural membranes
- line the chest wall
- parietal pleura
- cover the lungs
- visceral pleura
- prevents friction between them as the lungs expand and recoil during breathing
- serous fluid
- contains the nucleus
- cell body
- cellular process, carries impulses away from the cell
- axon
- carry impulses toward the cell
- dendrites
- small arteries , smooth muscle in the walls permits them to consctrict or dialate, important in maintenance of body temp, blood carries heat which is a form of energy
- arterioles
- located at the dermis of the ear canal, secretion is call cerumen or ear wax
- ceruminous gland
- found all over the body but especiall numerous on the forehead, upper lip, palms, and soles
- eccrine sweat glands
- made of stratified squamous deratinzing epithlial tissue and is thickes on the palms and soles
- epidermis
- made of epidermal tissue and the growth process of the epidermis
- hair follicle
- base of the hair follicle which contain cells called the matrix where mitosis takes place
- hair root
- proteins produced by epidermal cells found in the epidermis hair, and nails
- keratin
- pigment, in all people it increases by exposure to the ultraviolet rays
- melanin
- found in the lower epidermis
- melanocyte
- found on the end or finger or toes, mitosis takes place on the nail root and the new cells produce keratin and die
- nail follicle
- uneven junction of the dermis with the epidermis
- papillary layer
- open to the hair follicle or directly to the skin surface, the secretion is sebum
- sebaceous gland
- the outermost eidermal layer, consists of many layer of dead cells
- stratum germinativum
- superficial facsia, one of the connective membranes, connects ther dermis to the underlying muscles
- subcutaneous tissue
- decreases the flow of blood through the dermis and deep heat within the core of the body, this can also occur during stressfull situations it will shunt or redirect blood to more vital organs such as the muscles, heart and brain
- vasoconstriction
- increases blood flow through the dermis and bings excess heat close to the body surface to be radiated to the enviroment
- vasodialition
- what are the 2 layers of skin
- epidermis and dermis
- they originate in the bone marrowand are quite mobile, they are able to phagocytize foeign material such as bacteria that enter the body through breaks in the skin
- Langerhans cells
- superficial epidermis is burned, painful but not blistered
- 1st degree burn
- deeper layer of the epidermis are affected the damaged cells release a histamine which makes capillaries more permeable, creates blister
- 2nd degree burn
- entire epidermis is charred or burned away, receptors have been destroyed and potentially life threatning
- 3rd degree burn
- receptors for pain heat and cold
- free nerve ending
- receptor for touch and pressure
- encpsulated nerve endings
- most numerous int he axillae and genital area and are most active in stress and emotional situations
- apocrine gland
- pressure ulcer the skin is compressed between the object outside
- decubitus ulcer