Allergic Reaction
Terms
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- What is a defense mechanism for the body?
- Immune System
- The body produces antibodies and the body becomes what?
- Sensitized
- What are the substances that are recognized and destroyed by the immune system?
- Antigens
- What are protiens that circulate throughtout the blood and bodily fluids?
- Antibodies
- Antibodies primary function is to what?
- Recognize any future exposure to the antigen and destroy it.
- What results in the destruction of the atigen?
- Local and systemic effects seen with allergic reaction and anaphylactic shock.
- What is anaphylactic shock?
- Sever form of an allergic reaction with systemic alterations in the patient's airway, breathing, and circulatory status.
- What are the results of anaphylactic shock?
-
Airway compromise from awelling.
Circulatory collapse manifested by hypotension and tachycardia. - How can allergens enter the body?
- Injections, Ingestion, Inhalation, and Absorption.
- WHat are the most common causes of allergic reaction?
- Venom, foods, pollen, and medication.
- What can an allergic reaction resemble?
- Asthma, acute coronary syndrome, or alteres mental status.
- What will be the initial complaint?
- Malaise, difficulty breathing, feeling of impending doom, or pruritis.
- When should you begin Positive pressur ventilation?
- Suspect airway obstrution, inadequate respiration, or altered mental status.
- What do you do if patient breathing is adequate?
- Place on N R B mask at oxygen flow of 15l p m
- What can you find in a patient with airway and breathing compromise?
- Occluded airway, Abnormal sounds, oral cavity or airway swelling, difficulty breathing, swollowing, and bilateral wheezing.
- What do you find in a patient with circulatory compromise?
- Diaporetic and cool skin, absent peripheral pulses, weak or irregular pulse, and hypotension.
- What condition will the skin be in?
-
Warm, tingling in the face, mouth, chest, feet, or hands.
Intense itching.
Hives
Flushed or red skin.
Swelling to the face, lips, neck, hands, feet, and tongue.
Cyanosis ( in severe cases ) - What are systems of respiratory destress?
-
Complaint of lump in throat, difficulty in swallowing, and /or hoarsness
tightness in chest
High pitched cough ( significant finding )
Tachypnea
Labored or destressed breathign
Noisy breathing ( wheezing, stridor, crowing are all significant findings. ) - What are the findings for the cardiovascular system?
-
Tachycardia
Hypotension ( significant finding )
Irregular pulse
Absent radial pulse ( significant finding ) - What happens to the cns?
-
Increased anxiety
Unresponsiveness
Disorientation
Restlessness
Siezures
Headache - What happens to the Gastrointestinal system?
-
Nausea or vomiting
Abdominal Cramping
Diarrhea
Difficulty in swallowing
Loss of bowel/ bladder control - What is the emergency medical care?
-
Maintain patent airway
Provide high flow of oxygen
Assure breathing adequacy by ppv.
If necessary occlude pop off valve on bvm. - where do you give the epi pen?
- In lateral thigh
- What is the adult dose?
- 0.3
- What is the pediatric dose?
- 0.15
- What are the actions of the epi- pen?
-
Constricts Bronchiols.
Increases blood pressure.
Helps to eleminate swelling and edema. - What are the side effects?
-
Increased heart rate.
Pale skin.
Dizziness and headache
Chest pain
Nausea and vomiting.
Excitability and anxiousness.