hormones 2
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- pineal gland
- (te)melatonin: stimulates the release of some hormones from the hypothalamus
- pituitary gland: anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) (2a)
- (te)somatotropin (GH): stimulates protein synthesis and general body growth
- pituitary gland: anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) (2b)
- (te)thyrotropin (TSH): stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone
- pituitary gland: anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) (2c)
- (te)adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): stimulates production of hormones by the adrenal cortex
- pituitary gland: anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) (2d)
- (te)follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): promotes sperm production and follicle development
- pituitary gland: anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) (2e)
- (te)luteinizing hormone (LH): interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) promotes ovulation, corpus luteum formation and testosterone production
- pituitary gland: anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) (2f)
- (te)prolactin (LTH): promotes milk production within mammary glands
- pituitary gland: anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) (2g)
- (te)melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH): causes dispersion of melanin granules within melanocytes
- pituitary gland: posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) (2h)
- (te)oxytocin (OXY): stimulates contraction of uterine musculature and myoepithelial cells in mammary glands
- pituitary gland: posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) (2i)
- (te)antidiuretic hormone (ADH): reduces urine output by increasing renal resorption of water
- thyroid gland (3a)
- (te)tetraiodothyronine/thyroxine (T4): increases protein synthesis, basal metabolic rate and growth
- thyroid gland (3b)
- (te)triiodothyronine (T3): increases protein syntheses, basal metabolic rate and growth
- thyroid gland (3c)
- (te)calcitonin: lowers blood calcium by inhibiting its release from bone tissue
- parathyroid gland
- (te)parathyroid hormone (PTH): increases blood calcium by acting on bone tissue, intestine and kidneys
- adrenal (adrenal cortex) gland (5a)
- (te)glucocorticoids: increase liver glycogen concentration and reduce inflammation
- adrenal (adrenal cortex) gland (5b)
- (te)mineralocorticoids: promote sodium and other electrolyte retention by acting at the renal tubules
- adrenal (adrenal cortex) gland (5c)
- (te)gonadocorticoids: supplement the sex hormones produced by the testis and ovary
- adrenal (adrenal medulla) gland (5d)
- (te)epinephrine: increases heart rate, constricts vessels, dilates respiratory passageways, increases blood glucose levels
- adrenal (adrenal medulla) (5e)
- (te)epinephrine: increases heart rate, constricts vessels, dilates respiratory passageways, increases blood glucose levels
- hypothalamus (6a)
- growth hormone releasing factor (GRF): stimulates release fo GH from anterior pituitary gland
- hypothalamus (6b)
- growth hormone release inhibiting factor (GR-IH): inhibits release of GH
- hypothalamus (6c)
- thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF): stimulates release of TSH from anterior pituitary gland
- hypothalamus (6d)
- corticotropin releasing factor (CRF): stimulates release of ACTH from anterior pituitary gland
- hypothalamus (6e)
- gonadotropin releasing factor (GnRF): stimulates release of LH(ICSH) and FSH from anterior pituitary gland
- hypothalamus (6f)
- prolactin release inhibiting factor (PR-IF): inhibits release of LTH from anterior pituitary gland
- hypothalamus (6g)
- melanocyte stimulating hormone releasing factor (MRF): stimulates release of MSH from anterior pituitary gland
- hypothalamus (6h):
- melanocyte stimulating hormone inhibiting factor (MIF): inhibits release of MSH from anterior pituitary gland
- hypothalamus (6i)
- oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are produced in hypothalamus, but released from anterior pituitary gland
- pancreas (7a)
- insulin: lowers blood sugar levels by facilitating transport of sugar into cells
- pancreas (7b)
- glucagon: raises blood sugar levels by stimulating hepatocytes to convert glycogen to glugose
- small intestine (8a)
- gastric inhibiting peptide (GIP): inhibits gastric motility ans secretion, stimulates insulin release
- small intestine (8b):
- cholecystokinin (CCK): stimulates contraction of gallbladder and secretion of pancreatic enzymes
- small intestine (8c)
- secretin: stimulates production of pancreatic juices
- Stomach
- gastrin: promotes hydrochloric acid production by parietal cells
- kidney (10a)
- renin: enzymatically helps convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin which raises the blood pressure
- kidney (10b)
- erythropoietin: stimulates the production of red blood corpuscles by the bone marrow
- thymus
- thymosin: stimulates the T-lymphocytes
- ovary (12a)
- progesterone: keeps uterine lining conducive to implantation and placentation
- ovary (12b)
- estrogen: promotes production of female secondary sex characteristics and functions in uterine cycle
- testis
- testosterone: promotes production of male secondary sex characteristics
- heart (14a)
- herz: augments cardiac contraction
- heart (14b)
- atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP): increases capillary filtration, salt and water secretion, decreases arterial pressure and secretion of renin, angiotensin, aldosterone and ADH
- placenta (15a)
- chorionic gonadotropin: assists progesterone in keeping uterine lining conducive to pregnancy
- placenta (15b)
- somatomammotropin: has actions similar to those of growth hormone