HN 200 - Final
Terms
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- Biotechnology
- The science that deals with the manipulation of biological materials.
- Recombinant DNA
- Combination of two different pieces of DNA
- Bioethics
- the study of biology's effects on society and vice versa.
- National Institutes of Health
- Regulatory body involved in the Human Genome project.
- Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC)
- Approves gene therapy trials
- FDA -
- Food and Drug Administration - Approves foods and drugs
- USDA
- US Department of Agriculture - Regulates food production adn approves specific food items
- EPA
- Environmental Protection Agency - makes recommendations on and enforces environmental laws
- Bioinformatics
- The computer based study dealing with the analysis and processing of biological information
- DKIP
- SKIP
- Human Genome Project
- The project to decode the entire human DNA sequence
- Charles Darwin
- Father of the Theory of Evolution and Natural Selection
- Theory of Evolution
- The theory that organisms adapt and develop over time to more adequately survive in their environment.
- Francis Collin
- Lead the NIH team in the HGP
- Craig Venter
- Lead the private branch of the HGP
- Celera Corporation
- Venter's Corporation
- Adult Stem Cell
- Stem Cells from Adult tissue, bone marrow stem cells
- Embryonic Stem Cells
- Stem cells from an embryo, potentially more valuable and more adaptable.
- blastocyst
- Hollow ball of cells that one can extract embryonic stem cells from
- Totipotent
- Cells that can become any type of cell
- Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)
- Remove DNA from an egg, insert the donor DNA, stimulate cells to divide
- Woo Suk Hwang
- Korean Veteranerian who made the first dog clone (Snuppy) and was head of the stem cell labs until the contamination scandal.
- Genetically modified organisms (GMO)
- Any organism that has had it's DNA altered
- Agrobacterium tumifaciens
- the bacteria used to genetically modify plant cells
- Ti Plasmid
- DNA within aggrobacterium that will be inserted into the plant cell - the vector
- T-DNA
- DNA that puts the donor DNA into the chromosome
- Flavr Savr tomato
- the first GMO food approved for human comsumption
- Monsanto
- multi-national conglomerate that specializes in GMO plants
- Calgene
- Inventor of the Flavr Savr - absorbed by monsanto as a result of patent infringement.
- Gene Therapy
- Replaces bad DNA with good DNA
- Retrovirus
- a begnign virus used to transfer DNA into cells for gene therapy
- Jesse Gelsinger
- Teenager from AZ who died during a gene therapy trial for OTC
- X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency
- the bubble boy disease - gene therapy could cure
- OTC Deficiency
- gene therapy could cure
- "Designer Babies"
- Any baby that has in some way been bred for certain traits
- Eugenics
- elimination of undesirable traits in the population through one method or another
- Therapeutic cloning
- cloning for hte purpose of harvesting stem cells
- Reproductive cloning
- Generates a living organism and the product goes to term
- Dolly
- The first cloned sheep from an adult stem cell - sort of.
- Snuppy
- First cloned dog, Korea.
- Genetic Savings and Clone
- A company that will clone your cat and soon your dog.
- Ian Wilmut
- The Scotsman who cloned Dolly.
- Cc
- The first cloned cat
- Severino Antinori
- Fertility expert who wants to clone humans and claims to have already done so.