biology exam review
Terms
undefined, object
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- in an experiment, the standard against which results are compared
- control
- steps of scientific method
- observations -> inferences -> hypothesis -> experiment -> collect data -> analyze -> conclusion
- something that is constant thoughout the whole experiment
- constant
- the condition that results from changes in the independent variable
- dependent variable
- the condition that is tested because it affects the outcome of the experiment
- independent variable
- organisms that do not have membranebound organelles
- unicellular
- cells containing membranebound organelles
- multicellular
- what are these explainging? -have an orderly structure -produce off-spring -grow and develop -ajust to changes in the environment
- all living things
- how do you determine the total magnification on a microscope?
- multiply the magnification by 10
- organisms regulation of it's internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for survival
- homostasies
- type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reactions
- enzyme
- ___have membranebound organelles and ___ don't
- eukaryotes; prokaryotes
- ___ ___ have one large vacuole and ___ ___ don't have any.
- plant cells; animal cells
- manages cellular functions
- nucleus
- allow a steady supply of nutrients to come into the cell
- cell membrane
- non-membrane bound organelles in the nucleus where proteins are assembled
- ribosome
- organelles that contain digestive enzymes
- lysosomes
- eukaryotic membrane-bound organelles that transform energy stored in food molecules
- mitochoncria
- membrane-bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage materials
- vacuole
- organelle in eukaryotic cells with a system of flattened tubular membranes
- golgi
- in animal cells, a pair of small cylindrical structures composed of micro-tubules that duplicate during interphase and move to opposite ends of the cell during prophase
- centrioles
- clear, gelatinous fluid in cells that is the site of numerous chemical reactions
- cytoplasm
- long projections composed of microtubules
- flagella
- chlorophyll-containing organelles found in the cells of green plants and some protists
- chloroplast
- fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists
- cell wall
- ____ absorbs most wavelengths of light except for green
- chlorophyll
- allows materials such as water to enter & waste products to leave
- plasma membrane
- can either be rough or smooth
- endoplasmic reticulum
- net, random movement of particals from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually resulting in even distribution
- diffusion
- diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane depending on the concentration of solutes on either side of the membrane
- osmosis
- cancer that can spread
- malignant
- cancer that can't spread
- benign
- ___ cells divide more than ___ cells
- cancer; regular
- solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances is lower in the solution outside the cell than the concentration inside the cell
- hypnotic
- solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances in the nucleus
- isotonic
- in which the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell
- hypernotic
- a series ofchemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that break down glucose, a 6-carbon compound, into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound
- glycolysis
- a series of chemical reactions similar to the Calvin cycle in that the molecule used in the first reaction is also one of the end products
- citric and cycle