LAB Test 1

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What is the first priority when handeling infectious material?: Safety
What is OSHA (NIOSH) mandated to do?: Indentify cause of disease/injuries
How often is the Code of Federal Regulations revised?: Anually
How many titles is the Code of Federal Regulations divided into?: 50
Who publishes guidelines that most agencies have adopted?: CDC Centers for disease control
Applications of Universal precautions include what?: Blood, tissue and semen
What are regulated body fluids?: Blood and blood components, pleural fluids, amniotic fluid, synovial fluids, CSF, semen and dialysate
How often is segregated waste disposed of?: after 90 days, when 3/4 full or if foul odor is detected.
What is labeled on segregated waste?: labeled with boihazard sign or red in color, name, address, phone # of originator and have opened and closed date.
What should be marked on storage rooms?: Biohazard and Authorized Personnel only.
How many days is can you have biohazard in storage for?: 7 days
When Ashore who does the command comply with in regards to disposal?: Local, state, federal, status of forces agreement (SOFA).
What should the monitoring system include?: Date, time, amount, type and disposition.
Criteria for overboard discharge?: Endangers safety
Creates nuisance
Compromises combat readiness
What conditions are needed for overboard discharge?: CO's approval
Over 50 nautical miles from shore
Properly packaged and negative buoyancy
Where are entries made afloat of overboard discharge?: Ship's deck log
Medical Journal
What is indicated in the ships deck log and Medical journal: date
time
ship's location
number of bags
How are unused medical supplies handeled?: handeled stored and disposed of as infectious waste.
In refference to unused medical supplies what is included?: referring to blood products and reagents- anything that has a shelf life.
What is microsampeling?: a method of blood collection by skin puncture.
When performing a capillary puncture where do you make your puncture?: on the side of finger (off center) across the striations of the fingertip
What will dilution of specimen and tissue fluid cause?: inaccurate results
HCT tubes should be filled how much?: 100% to 3/4 full
Where should the touriquet be placed on patients arm?: approx 2-3 inches above antecubital area
What degree should the needle be when performing a venipuncture?: 15 degrees, bevel up.
What anticoagulant is used when obtaining whole blood specimens?: EDTA
What color top is used for CBC and Differential WBC?: Purple/lavender tops
A powder anticoagulant is used in what color top tube?: light blue
What kind of studies are completed with the light blue tops?: Coagulation studies:
PT
PTT
a chelating agent that binds calcium.
Heparin is used in what color top?: green
What local instruction does NSHS follow?: NSHSSDIEGOINST 5100.1D (Safety manual)
What does NSHSSDIEGOINST 5100.3B refer to?: Blood Borne Exposure
What state governing body does NMCSD follow?: Cal-OSH
Public Health Department
What federal governing body does NMCSD follow?: OSHA (NIOSH)
What is the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)?: Compendium of all federal laws.
What governing body does the Navy follow?: NAVOSH
BUMED
What is the BUMED 6280.1A?: Management of Infectious Waste
What responsibilities does BUMED have in reference to Infectious Waste?: Dictates and approves contracts to discharge infectious waste.
What does SOFA stand for?: Status of Forces Agreement
What is the purpose of infection control?: Strategy to reduce the risk of disease transmission.
What is PPE: Personal Protective Equipment
which is specialized clothing or equipment worn by a person to protect against hazard.
What is non-infectious waste?: medical waste not containing enough pathogens to be harmful
What is infectious waste?: liquid or solid waste with enough pathogens to cause disease.
When obtaining a specimen with a capillary tube how should the fingertip be posistioned?: horizontally
What is the best method for collecting blood?: venipuncture
If using a blood pressure cuff in obtaining veins how high should you inflate the cuff?: 30 mm/Hg
What special plasma studies are performed when using a green top?: Ammonia
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
What are red tops mainly used for?: Chemistry
Serology
Blood bank
Serum Seperator Tube (SST) Tiger Tops are used for?: HIV
Grey top is used for?: glucose studies
Etho levels analysis
Inhibits glycolysis
What anticoagulant is in the grey top?: sodium fluoride
What is a complication of a blood draw?: Syncope
Infection
Continued bleeding
hematoma
The compound microscope has how many major systems?: 4
Name the systems of the compound microscope.: Framework
Illumination
Magnification
Adjustment
What is the purpose of the framework?: Basic structure
Provides support for all other systems.
Base
What does the Framework house?: Power Switch
Illumination Controls
Field Diaphragm
What is the purpose of the arm on the microscope?: supports magnification and adjustment
What is the purpose of the stage?: Mechanical stage
moves specimen on XY axis
(has spring loaded clips or calipers to secure specimen to the stage)
What is the purpose of the Illumination Sysytem?: provides light
What is the condenser?: compact lens system
concentrates the light
What is the iris diaphragm?: works like the iris of the eye.
Controls the amount of light
How many componenets are in the magnification system?: 4
What is Low Power on the objective lens?: 10X (green)
What is the High Power on the objective lens?: 40X (yellow)
What is the Oil Immersion on the objective lens?: 100X (red or black)
What is the course adjustment used for?: initially focuses on specimen
What is fine adjustment?: the exact focus on specimen
What power do you use course adjustment on?: low power objective
What in the lab is used as a germacide?: Bleach solution
Who are the state governing bodies?: Cal Osh
Public Health Dept
Who are the federal governing bodies?: OSHA
What operates programs in every state to to improve health and safety of workers?: NIOSH
What is made up of a compendium of all federal laws?: CFR (Code of Federal Regulations)
What are the Navy governing bodies?: NAVOSH and BUMED
What is the BUMED instruction for management of infectious waste?: BUMED 6280.1A
What is used to reduce the risk of disease transmission?: Infection Control
What agency publishes guidelines for the wear of personal protective equipment?: CDC
Liquid or semi liquid blood, or contaminated items that would release blood or other infectious materials, items caked with blood, contaminated sharps, pathological or microbiological waste.: Regulated Waste
Where should you segregate waste?: At point of origin
Biohazards are emptied when or how often?: daily
Sharps containers must have what on it?: open and close date
How should a storage room used for biohazards be marked?: Biohazard-Authorized Personnel only
What is the max time biohazards can be stored?: 7 days
Approved disinfectants are approved by who?: EPA
When was NIOSH established under OSHA?: 1970
Regulated body fluids may be flushed in?: hopper or toilet
Properly packaged biohazard afloat must be weighted for?: negative buoyancy
Increased ATL (atypical lymphocytes) are associated with?: mononucleosis
What percentage of ATLS is considered abnormal?: 10%
What is the normal count of platelets?: 150,000-450,000
What is the lifespan of a thrombocyte?: 9-12 days
How many fields do you count when doing a platelet estimation?: 5-10
How do you calculate platelet estimation?: Count # of platelets in 5-10 fields, multiply by 20,000
What is an abnormal decrease in platelets?: thrombocytopenia
thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anemia, acute leukemia, Gaucher's disease, pernicious anemia and chemo radiation may cause?: thrombocytopenia
what is caused by increase in platelets?: thrombocytosis
What could ITP, splenectomy, and chronic myeloneous leukemia cause?: thrombocytosis
what appears as fine granules in RBC and is found in lead poisoning , alcoholism, megoblastic anemia?: basophilic stippling
What appears as iron deposits in iron stains, single or multiple granuals, rarely seen in Wright's Stain.: pappenheimer bodies
What nuclear fragment of DNA appears in hemolytic anemias, following a splenectomy, splenic atrophy, and megoblastic anemias?: holly-jolly bodies
What are of tetragon shaped and found in patients with HGB C and HGB SC disease?: Hemaglobin C crystals
What is a microtubule of miotic spindle that appears as threadlike filaments in the shape of a ring, rarely seen in pernicious anemia and lead poisoning and might indicate erythropoesis?: Cabot Ring
What test would you do if you were evaluating a pt with infection, neoplasm, allergy or immunosuppression?: Peripheral blood stain
The slide when doing a smear should look like what?: blunt arrowhead with feathered edge
The thick edge has an increase in smaller cells called?: Rouleaux Formation
Another name for eliptocyte?: ovalcyte
What is a normal colored RBC noted as?: normachromic
an increase in color?: hyperchromic
N/N means?: normalchromic/normocytic (written as color/cell shape)
What causes an increase or decrease in color or central palor of an RBC?: relative amount of hemoglobin
what is an abnormal variation in color , which usually appears blue?: polychromasia
what is the ph of distilled water: 6.0
what is the decrease in color or increase in central pallor, which usually presents in iron deficiency?: hypochromic
what is the ratio of the volume of erythrocytes to that of whole blood?: hematcrit
what is the importance of the hematocrit: test for anemia and bleeding disorders
how many capillary tubes will you need and how much should you fill the tubes when performing a centrifugal microhematocrit?: 2 tubes and 3/4 full
what angle do you hold the capillary tube ?: horizontal
how many minutes is the capillary tube centrifuged when doing a centrifuged microhematocrit: 5 min
what is the revolution speed when doing a microhematocrit?: 14,500
what type of capillary tube would you use when doing a compur M1100 microhematocrit: microcapillary tube
how much should you fill a microcapillary tube?: 100%
what is the time and rpm for the compur M1100 microhematocrit test?: 3 min 20 sec; 11,500
Normal hematocrit for Males?: 40-55%
normal hematocrit for females?: 36-48%
when should a microhematocrit be read?: within 10 min
identification in a blood smear is based on what?: cell color and morphology
what angle is the spreaded slide held when performing a blood smear?: 30-40 degrees
what is the normal range for MONOS: 1-10%
normal range for EOS: 0-4%
normal range for baso?: 0-2%
erythrocytes extude what when they mature?: nucleus
what is always 2 lobbed and the cytoplasm is granulated orange to pink in color?: eosinophil
what is normal rbc for females?: 3.6-5.6
normal rbc for males?: 4.2-6.0
morphology for normal in size and shape: normocytica
what is the abnormal variation in size?: aniosocytosis
what is an abnormally small rbc?: microcytic
what type of rbc is found in thalassemia, iron deficiency, and hemolytic anemias: microcytic
abnormally large rbc: macrocytic
what cell morphology is found in liver disease and megoblastic anemias (pernicious /b-12 anemia): macrocytes
what is the variation in shape of an erythrocyte?: poikilocytosis
what is sickle or crescent shaped rbc found in anemias?: drepanocytes
what bullseye shaped rbc is often found in thalassemia?: target cell
what is a round rbc known as hyperchromic or copper penny?: spherocyte
what is found in milofibrosis patients?: tear drop rbc's
what is a thorny shapped rbc?: acanothocyte
what is a fragment of an rbc?: schistocyte
what is a cigar shaped rbc?: eliptocyte
what is a spiky shapped rbc: burr
what is used to inhibit clotting enzyme thrombin by creating antithrombin?: heparin
what prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin?: heparin
what sites can you use for microsampleing on an adult?: ring and greater finger
what sites can you use for microsampeling in infants?: heel and great toe
if patient has a difficult vein what can be done to assist in venipuncture?: massage arm in an upward motion, forcing blood in vein
what anticoagulant is used in a light blue top?: sodium citrate
a lavender top may be refrigerated for how many hours?: 24
PT & PTT are what type of studies?: coagulation
Wright stain is a combination of?: acid and base dyes

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