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- During the first therapy session with a husband and wife who are experiencing marital problems, a therapist requests that, during the next week, they identify things in their relationship that they want to continue. Most likely, this therapist is a pract
- d) solution focused therapy
-
A diagnosis of Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder requires which of the following:
a) at least eight different physical complaints
b) at least one pseudoneurological symptom
c) at least one physical complaint
d) preoccupati - c) at least one physical complaint
- According to Margaret Mahler's object relations theory, the development of a sense of self is the result of a separation-individuation process that begins at about _____ months of age:
- 4-5 months
-
Dementia due to Head Trauma is least likely to entail:
a) an alteration in personality
b) disturbances in executive functions
c) impairments in language
d) alterations in the experience and expression of emotion - c) impairments in language
-
The ongoing Monitoring the Future Survey conducted by the National Institute of Drug Abuse has consistently found that adolescents are most likely say they have used which of the following drugs:
a) marijuana
b) alcohol
c) nicotine
d) - b) alcohol
- Most infants take their first steps while holding onto furniture at about:
- 9-10 months
- TRUE OR FALSE: Research suggests that one of the reasons why children are less popular is because they are less friendly and sociable.
- FALSE
- Research using elicited imitation tasks (e.g., imitating a sequence of events such as removing a mitten from a puppet, shaking the mitten, and then replacing the mitten on the puppet) indicate that, for most infants, the onset of the ability to recall th
- 6-12 months of age.
-
Lewin's field theory predicts that:
a) human behavior is due more to physical than to psychological factors
b) a leader's power is directly affected by the characteristics of the task and environment
c) human behavior is a function o - c) human behavior is a function of both the person and his/her environment
-
Recent surveys suggest that an employee's mental and physical health is most related to:
a) pay
b) the work environment
c) work involvement
d) job security - d) job security
-
Undernutrition during the prenatal period and early infancy:
a)affects both the size and structure of the brain's cells
b)primarily affects the peripheral (versus central) nervous system
c) increases the body's susceptibility to dise - a)affects both the size and structure of the brain's cells
-
The most likely side effects of propranolol (Inderal) are:
a) bradycardia and depression
b) tachycardia and mania
c) tachycardia and tremor
d) bradycardia and hypersomnia - a) bradycardia and depression
-
The presence of which of the following symptoms would suggest a diagnosis of Conduct Disorder rather than a diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder:
a) frequent lying and running away from home
b) low frustration tolerance and temper o - a) frequent lying and running away from home
- You receive a voicemail from a well-respected licensed psychologist in your community who is currently seeing one of your former clients. She says that she has obtained the client's consent and wants you to forward the client's record to her. You should:
- c) contact the client and obtain the release directly from him
- A parent complains that her 11-year old seems motivated primarily by his strong needs for attention and power and desire to get even with anyone who he thinks has wronged him. Therapy based on the work of which of the following individuals would be best
- d) Alfred Adler
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For Carl Jung, transference is:
a) a form of projection
b) sexual "acting out"
c) "symbolization"
d) a fantasy - a) a form of projection
- When using structural equation modeling, the "fit" between the proposed causal model and the obtained data can be evaluating using the chi-square test for goodness-of-fit. However, one problem with using the chi-square test for this purpose is
- a) it is very sensitive to sample size
-
The most recent edition of the Stanford-Binet represents an extensive revision of this test. Among other things, when using the new fourth edition of the Stanford-Binet:
a) 1 and 4 only
b) 2 and 4 only
c) 1, 2, and 3 only
d) 1, - b) 2 and 4 only
-
For children of divorced parents, increased frequency of contact with the noncustodial father:
a) is consistently associated with more behavior problems and lower academic achievement
b) is consistently associated with fewer behavior pro - c) is associated with fewer behavior problems and better academic achievement only when the father is supportive and authoritative
-
Research on working women suggests that combining work and family roles is most associated with:
a) stress related illness
b) reduced involvement in family roles
c) enhanced self-esteem
d) low job commitment - c) enhanced self-esteem
-
According to Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership model, a "telling" leader will respond to an employee who is low in both ability and motivation by:
a) recommending that the employee receive additional training
b) havi - c) providing the employee with close supervision and specific instructions
-
To determine the impact of a treatment on a patient’s quality of life, you would conduct which of the following types of analyses:
a) cost utility
b) cost effectiveness
c) cost analysis
d) cost benefit - a) cost utility
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The duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA):
a) is unrelated to the severity of the injury b) is useful as an indicator of severity only when combined with the degree of retrograde amnesia
c) is less accurate as an indicator of severity - d) is more accurate as an indicator of severity than the degree of retrograde amnesia
- A parent is concerned about her 6-year old son's thumb sucking. After reading several articles on behavioral techniques for eliminating self-reinforcing behaviors, she decides to spend an hour a day with her son using a strategy recommended in one of the
- a) differential reinforcement
-
According to Gyorgy Gergely (1994), visual feature representation is a necessary precondition for:
a) gender identity development
b) mirror self-recognition
c) attachment
d) social referencing - b) mirror self-recognition
-
Of the following, which is most true about adolescents who have a history of repeated suicide attempts:
a) the failure of their attempts is usually due to a lack of access to lethal means
b) their continued threats to commit suicide are o - c) the real purpose of their suicide attempts is often to exert power in situations in which they feel powerless
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Research comparing the impact of unilateral brain damage on emotion has shown that damage to the right hemisphere is most often associated with three behavioral patterns – indifference, verbal disinhibition, and:
a) denial of paralysis or ot - a) denial of paralysis or other symptoms resulting from the brain damage
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According to Kohut, the roots of ________ can be found in the excessively unempathic responses of the child's self-object:
a) neurotic depression
b) narcissicm
c) basic anxiety
d) hysteria - b) narcissicm
-
The Bonferroni test helps control the experimentwise error rate by:
a) controlling the total number of comparisons that can be made
b) reducing the level of significance for each comparison
c) permitting individual comparisons only - b) reducing the level of significance for each comparison
-
According to Fiedler’s contingency theory of leadership, a task motivated leader is most effective when his or her relations with subordinates are:
a) very good
b) very poor
c) very good or very poor
d) moderate - c) very good or very poor
-
Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder often exhibit impairment in memory with:
a) deficits being about equally pronounced for recall and recognition memory
b) deficits in recall memory being more pronounced than deficits in recogniti - b) deficits in recall memory being more pronounced than deficits in recognition memory
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Magnification, arbitrary inference, overgeneralization, and other cognitive errors:
a) are unique to individuals with depression
b) are unique to individuals with affective disorders c) are unique to individuals with depression or anxiet - d) may be found among depressed individuals and those who are "healthy"
-
Which of the following accurately describes the utilization rates for mental health services among whites and African-Americans:
a) compared to whites, African-Americans have higher utilization rates for both inpatient and outpatient mental he - c) compared to whites, African-Americans have lower rates for outpatient mental health services but higher rates for public inpatient mental health services
-
Fiedler's LPC theory of leadership proposes that:
a) leaders can alter their leadership style to fit the demands of the situation b) the most effective leaders are person- (versus task-) oriented
c) to be most effective, a leader should - d) to be most effective, a leader's personality should match the demands of the situation
-
According to the Health Belief Model, health behavior is related to:
a) a combination of information, motivation, and behavioral skills
b) perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and perceived benefits
c) habit
d) intentio - b) perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and perceived benefits
-
In terms of alcohol use, recent surveys indicate that:
a) Among all individuals aged 12 and older, American Indians/Alaskan Natives are more likely to report drinking in the past month than members of all other racial/ethnic groups.
b) Among a - c) American Indians/Alaskan Natives between the ages of 12 to 17 are more likely to report drinking in the past month than individuals of the same age belonging to other racial/ethnic groups.
-
Research investigating the impact of family characteristics on altruism and other prosocial behaviors has shown that:
a) Children from high-income families are more prosocial than children from low-income families both outside and inside the home se - d) It is difficult to draw general conclusions about the relationship between family income, number of children, or ordinal position in the family and prosocial behaviors
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During the process of developing a training program, you evaluate its effects on trainee satisfaction and learning to determine what changes in the program are needed to achieve maximal effectiveness. This is an example of:
a) needs assessment - d) formative evaluation
-
Within the context of organizations, peer appraisals:
a) tend to be more biased than appraisals by supervisors and others
b) are accurate but do not provide useful information for employee feedback
c) are considered useful for fost - d) are generally most useful for predicting promotions and raises
- A researcher wants to compare the effects of four different prevention programs on willingness to use safe-sex practices for sexually-active male and female adolescents. Subjects will be randomly assigned to one of the four programs and six months later
- c) multiple sample chi square
-
Recent research on goal-setting in organizations has shown that all of the following are true except:
a) providing feedback on goal achievement is a necessary but not sufficient condition for improved job performance
b) overall, participa - d) participation in goal-setting is more important for educationally-advantaged workers
- A participant in a research study watches a film on the death penalty and then answers survey questions about her attitudes toward the death penalty and other controversial issues. The participant concludes that the purpose of the study is to see if the
- a) demand characteristics
- In an experiment, a tone is presented to a dog just before meat powder is presented numerous times so that, eventually, the dog salivates when the tone is presented alone. Then a light and the tone are simultaneously presented just before the meat powder
- continue to salivate in response to the tone but not salivate in response to the light
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Theories of career choice and development can be categorized in terms of four basic types. The theories of Tiedeman and O'Hara (1963) and Tiedeman and Miller-Tiedeman (1984) are examples of the __________ approach:
a) developmental
b) tr - a) developmental
-
According to Berscheid and Walster's (1974) two-factor theory of love, love is the result of:
a) attraction and arousal
b) passion and intimacy
c) mutual attraction and reciprocal reinforcement
d) physiological arousal and a l - d) physiological arousal and a label for it
-
The first use of meta-analysis in the area of psychology is attributed to:
a) Flynn
b) Eyesenck
c) Smith and Glass
d) Horn & Cattell - c) Smith and Glass
-
For _____ of individuals with Parkinson's Disease who are depressed, the depression preceded the onset of motor and other physical symptoms:
a) less than 1%
b) about 20%
c) about 50%
d) at least 75% - b) about 20%
-
According to Kohlberg's cognitive theory, gender identity development involves three stages that occur in the following order:
a) stability, constancy, identity
b) constancy, stability, identity
c) identity, constancy, stability
- d) identity, stability, constancy
- Children's understanding of race as a physical, social, and biological category is usually first evident by age:
- 10
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Parham and Helms (1990) developed an attitude measure of racial identity that assesses four stages of African-American identity development. These stages are:
a) pre-encounter, encounter, resistance-immersion, and introspection
b) pre-enc - b) pre-encounter, encounter, immersion-emersion, and internalization
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Of the following, which is responsible for the largest percent of cases of Mental Retardation:
a) early alterations in embryonic development
b) hereditary factors
c) pregnancy and prenatal problems
d) exposure to infection, trau - a) early alterations in embryonic development
-
Studies examining language acquisition in children have shown that the fastest rate of increase in vocabulary typically occurs between the ages of:
a) 20-26 months
b) 30-36 months
c) 3-3.5 years
d) 5-5.5 years - b) 30-36 months
- The ability to perform some intellectual tasks appears to decline during adulthood, while, for other tasks, ability seems to remain about the same or even increase. Of the following, which is likely to show the greatest decline with increasing age beginn
- a) list learning memory
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When aversive conditioning is being used to eliminate a fetish, the fetish is the:
a) US
b) UR
c) CS
d) CR - c) CS
-
Huntington’s disease, Marfan’s syndrome, and Von Willebrand’s disease are due to:
a) autosomal dominant
b) autosomal recessive
c) an X-linked dominant gene
d) an X-linked recessive gene - a) autosomal dominant
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A diagnosis of Male Erectile Disorder requires:
a) a loss of or decrease in the ability to attain an erection
b) an inability to attain an erection in any circumstance
c) an inability to attain or maintain an erection until completio - c) an inability to attain or maintain an erection until completion of sexual activity
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Studies comparing the age at which gays and lesbians first disclose their sexual orientation to a friend, family member, or other person have found that:
a) the average age of disclosure for gay men is 2 to 3 years earlier than the average age - d) the average ages of disclosure for gay men and lesbians are not significantly different
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A 67-year-old accountant exhibits impairments in memory and other cognitive functions and a depressed mood. Which of the following would be most suggestive that his symptoms are due to "pseudodementia" rather than to Dementia:
a) the - b) the man exaggerates his cognitive deficits
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When a "leaderless group discussion" is used alone or as a component of an assessment center, it is most helpful for:
a) developing communication and problem-solving skills in team members
b) identifying ways for improving the a - c) identifying or developing a manager's leadership skills
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In their study of outpatient mental health services in Los Angeles County, Sue et al. (1991) found that, while clients from all group showed improvement at the end of therapy, __________ had the best outcomes.
a) Blacks
b) Anglos
c) - d) Hispanics
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African-American adolescents who exhibit a "blended bicultural" behavioral pattern:
a) are situated midway between ethnic and American culture and are part of neither
b) acknowledge their American heritage but are more strongly - d) view themselves as equally American and ethnic or as more American
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In the last three decades:
a) the infant mortality rate has declined but the proportion of infant deaths caused by congenital malformations has increased
b) the infant mortality rate and the proportion of infant deaths caused by congeni - a) the infant mortality rate has declined but the proportion of infant deaths caused by congenital malformations has increased
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Slight and incomplete paralysis is referred to as:
a) parasthesia
b) paresis
c) hemiplegia
d) athetosis - b) paresis
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Social loafing is most likely to occur when:
a) the task is ambiguous rather than specific
b) the group is cohesive
c) rewards are given based on individual contributions
d) the group is very large - d) the group is very large
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Administering the WISC-III in English to a bilingual Spanish-speaking child would be:
a) unacceptable in all circumstances
b) acceptable if the child scores above the established cutoff on a standardized measure of English proficiency c) - d) acceptable if the child's performance on both formal and informal measures of language indicate adequate English proficiency
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In an early study conducted to identify the functional brain abnormalities associated with Schizophrenia, hypofrontality was identified as a possible correlate. Subsequent research has:
a) consistently confirmed lower blood flow in the anterio - c) not confirmed lower blood flow in the anterior cortex of schizophrenics except during performance of certain cognitive tasks
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Parham and Helms (1990) developed an attitude measure of racial identity that assesses four stages of African-American identity development. These stages are:
a) pre-encounter, encounter, resistance-immersion, and introspection
b) pre-en - b) pre-encounter, encounter, immersion-emersion, and internalization
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Of the following, which is responsible for the largest percent of cases of Mental Retardation:
a) early alterations in embryonic development
b) hereditary factors
c) pregnancy and perinatal problems
d) exposure to infection, tra - a) early alterations in embryonic development
-
A Jungian "archetype" is best described as:
a) an organized collection of feelings, thoughts, and perceptions
b) a structural component of the collective unconscious
c) the "mask" adopted by a person in response t - b) a structural component of the collective unconscious
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The APA’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2002) states that, when conducting a psychological assessment of a client, an informed consent:
a) is required in all situations
b) is required in all situations and mu - c) is required except in certain circumstances
- Stroke resulting from occlusion of the middle cerebral artery is likely to produce contralesional hemiplegia and hemianesthesia involving the arm, leg, and face as well as contralesional visual field loss. In addition, if the stroke affected the dominant
- d) unilateral neglect
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According to Piaget, the source of motivation for cognitive development is:
a) social acceptance
b) parental influence
c) equilibration
d) the collective unconscious - c) equilibration
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Dr. Burgher is the only psychologist in a small town. His daughter's girl scout leader wants to begin seeing Dr. Burgher to work through some family-related problems. As an ethical psychologist, Dr. Burgher should:
a) refuse to see the woman b - d) assess the potential for exploitation and loss of objectivity and base his decision about seeing the woman on the outcome of that assessment
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Fagan's Test of Infant Intelligence has been found to be a better predictor of later cognitive ability than traditional infant tests. Most likely this is because Fagan's Test:
a) measures sensorimotor skills
b) measures recognition memor - b) recognition memory
- A client you have been seeing for two months suddenly informs you that this will be his last session. You believe this is not a good time for the client to stop therapy and are concerned about the potential negative consequences of doing so. You should:<
- c) discuss with him the reasons you believe he should continue and recommend that he re-think his decision
-
TRUE OR FALSE:
Stuttering should be viewed as "normal childhood dysfluency" when it occurs before at 2 & 1/2. - TRUE!!!
-
A patient exhibits emotional blunting, social withdrawal, eccentric behavior, and mild loosening of associations. Of the types of Schizophrenia, these symptoms are most suggestive of which of the following type of Schizophrenia?
a) Catatonic - d) Residual
- Although it is necessary to avoid stereotypes when providing services to members of ethnic and racial minority groups, some generalizations are often made. For example, when working with Hispanic and Hispanic-American clients, it is important to keep in
- b) family therapy is often contraindicated because of the hierarchical nature of the Hispanic family
- Drugs that block the activity of __________ produce dry mouth, blurred vision, postural hypotension, tachycardia, and sedation.
- Serotonin.
-
A 33-year old married woman with one child receives a diagnosis of Schizophrenia. Her husband has no symptoms or family history of the disorder. Which of her relatives is at greatest risk for receiving the same diagnosis:
a) parent
b) bio - d) child
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When requested to act as a fact witness in a court trial involving a former therapy client, a psychologist:
a) is not required to obtain a waiver of confidentiality from the client
b) is required to obtain a waiver only if the request co - c) may or may not be required to obtain a waiver of confidentiality from the client
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A young man is found guilty of driving while intoxicated and is required by the court to receive in-patient treatment at an alcohol rehabilitation center. As a therapist working at the rehabilitation center, you should be aware that:
a) it is - d) it is necessary to have the man sign a waiver of confidentiality before releasing any information to the court
- In his study of moral development, Kohlberg presented research participants with stories that posed a conflict between two moral dilemmas. In the most famous of these stories, the "________ dilemma," participants were presented with a choice be
- Heinz
- The World Health Organization's International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (IPSS) and Determinants of Outcome Study have compared patients with Schizophrenia from non-Western developing countries to those from Western industrialized countries. This resea
- b) course and outcomes
- A psychologist working for the criminal justice system is asked to evaluate a young man accused of committing a felony. She is told by an attorney who has attempted to interview the man that he has difficulty attending to general directives and that his
- c) not legally bound to maintain confidentiality but ethically required to inform the young man of the limits of confidentiality
-
A researcher would use stepwise multiple regression when she wants to:
a) identify the fewest number of predictors needed to account for criterion variability
b) identify the fewest number of criteria needed to accurately predict perform - b) identify the fewest number of criteria needed to accurately predict performance
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A "culture-fair" predictor would most likely be considered fair if:
a) members of the non-mainstream group consistently score lower on the predictor and lower on the criterion than members of the mainstream group
b) members of - a) members of the non-mainstream group consistently score lower on the predictor and lower on the criterion than members of the mainstream group
- Dr. Passe is hired by a company to evaluate an employee for promotion into a high-level position. The company manager tells Dr. Passe that the employee was evaluated six years ago prior to his last promotion, and the company wants Dr. Passe to make a rec
- d) discuss with the manager the possibility that the data are obsolete and that new data should be collected
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A new job selection test with a validity coefficient of .30 will most likely improve decision-making accuracy when:
a) the job applicant pool is very large
b) the job applicant pool is very small
c) the number of successful employee - a) the job applicant pool is very large
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Studies investigating the relationship between maternal socialization practices and children's internalization of conscience have found that:
a) maternal gentle discipline is predictive of internalization regardless of a child's temperament - c) maternal gentle discipline is predictive of internalization for children who are fearful and anxious prone
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Caplan (1970) distinguished between four types of mental health consultation. Which of the following is an example of the type he labeled "consultee-centered case consultation":
a) a consultant is hired by a colleague to resolve a di - d) a consultant helps a teacher acquire the behavior modification skills she needs to reduce disruptions in her classroom
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In the context of the serial position effect, the "primacy effect":
a) is due to transfer of information from short- to long-term memory
b) is due to interference that prohibits transfer from short- to long-term memory
c) - a) is due to transfer of information from short- to long-term memory
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In the most recent version of the Stanford-Binet, abstract-visual reasoning is measured by four subtests and is considered a measure of:
a) crystallized abilities
b) fluid / analytic intelligence
c) perceptual functioning
d) spa - b) fluid / analytic intelligence
- During the past few sessions, a 23-year old client has become increasingly depressed and suicidal. During the current session, he tells you that he's not happy with the progress of therapy and that he's not coming back. Your best course of action would b
- b) encourage him to continue therapy and attempt to have him sign a "no-suicide contract"
-
"Dummy coding" is used:
a) so that a data set with missing values can be retained in a multivariate analysis b) when certain scores on the predictor were not actually obtained by anyone in the sample
c) to maximize the degree o - d) so that categorical variables can be included in a multiple regression equation