Chapter 29 Vocab- plants
Terms
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- parenchyma
- cells loosely packed together, cube shaped or elongated with a large central vacuole and thin, flexible cell walls
- collenchyma
- thick cell walls, irregular shape, grouped in strands, provide support
- sclerenchyma
- thick, rigid cell walls that support the plant where growth no longer occurs
- epidermis
- the outer layer of the plant; made of parenchyma cells
- cuticle
- waxy layer on top of the epidermis that helps prevent water loss
- tracheid
- long, thick walled sclerenchyma cells
- pits
- thin, porus areas of the cell wall that move water
- vessel element
- a sclerenchyma cell that has either large holes in the top and bottom walls or no walls at all
- vessels
- long tubes that carry water throughout the plant
- sieve tube member
- the food making parenchymal cells of the angiosperm phloem
- sieve tubes
- gathered sieve tube members
- sieve plates
- move compounds from cell to cell, end of walls
- companion cell
- a specialized parenchyma cell that assists in transport within the plant
- meristem
- regions where cells continually divide, where most growth happens
- apical meristems
- tips of the stem and roots that allow plants to grow in length
- lateral meristems
- allow stems and toots to increase in diameter (gymniosperms and dicots)
- vascular cambium
- between the xylum and phloem, produces vascular tissue
- cork cambium
- outisde the phloem, produces cork that provides protection and prevents water loss
- taproot
- the first and largest root sprouted from the seed
- fibrous root system
- small roots that develop the base of the stem
- adventitious roots
- specialized roots that grow from uncommon places such as stems and leaves
- rootcap
- a protective cap that covers the root tip and apical meristem
- root hairs
- extensions of epidermal cells that increase the surface area of the root and increase the ability to absorb water and nutrients
- cortex
- parenchyma cells inside the epidermis
- endodermis
- inner boundary of the cortex
- pericycle
- outer layer of central vascular tissue
- macronutrients
- minerals used by plants in large amounts; nitrogen and potassium
- micronutrients
- nutrients used by plants in small amounts; manganese
- node
- where the leaf attaches to the stem
- internodes
- space between the nodes on a stem
- bud
- part of the plant that is capable of developing into a new shoot system
- bud scales
- specialized leaves that enclose the buds
- pith
- the center of the stem
- wood
- secondary xylum
- heartwood
- dark wood in the center of the tree
- sapwood
- light colored wood near the trunk
- bark
- protective outside covering of woody plants
- springwood
- the vascular cambium forms new xylem cells with wide and thin walls with plenty of water; develop during spring beneath the bark
- summerwood
- when water is scarce, the xylem grows cells with thick walls to protect from water loss
- annual ring
- one ring formed after the springwood; dates a tree
- source
- where the sugars are made or have been sroted
- sink
- the place where the sugars will be stored
- translocation
- movement of sugars through a plant
- pressure flow hypothesis
- sugars are actively transported into sieve tubes
- transpiration
- water loss throught the leaves
- cohesion-tension theory
- water is pulled up the stem xylem by the attraction of molecules
- tendril
- coiled structure that wraps around objects to support vines
- blade
- the broad,flat portion of a leaf
- pedicle
- stalklike, where blade attaches to the stem
- simple leaf
- a single bladed leaf
- compound leaves
- the blade is divided into leaflets, more than one
- leaflets
- different leaves divided, each individual leaf
- mesophyll
- a ground tissue composed of chloroplast rich cells; where most photosynthesis occurs
- palisade mesophyll
- beneath upper epidermis and is the sight of most photosynthesis
- spongy mesopyll
- allows diffusion through cells
- veins
- vascular bundles in the vascular tissues of leaves
- venation
- arrangement of veins in a leaf
- parallel venation
- main vains are parallel to eachother
- net venation
- big veins branch into smaller veins
- guard cell
- cells on the leaf epidermis to regulate gas and water exchange