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part2

Terms

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normal breathing
eupnea
slow breathing
bradypnea
fast breathing
tachypnea
shallow breathing
hypopnea
deep breathing
hyperpnea
difficulty breathing
dyspnea
inability to breathe
apnea
ability to breathe only in a upright position
orthopnea
pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea
Cheyne-Stoke respiration
popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lungs when air enters diseased airways and alveoli occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis
crackles/rales
high-pitched, musical sounds heard on auscultation of teh lung as air flows through a narrowed airway occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema
wheezes/rhonchi
a high pitched crowing sound that is a sign of obstruction in the upper airway
stridor
degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese like appearance
caseous necrosis
hoarseness
dysphonia
nosebleed
epistaxis
coughing up and spitting out material from the lungs
expectoration
material expelled from the lungs by coughing
sputum
coughing up and spitting out blood originating from the lungs
hemoptysis
excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood
hyercapnia/hypercarbia
excessive movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypocapnia
hyperventilation
deficient movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypercapnia
hypoventilation
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
hypoxemia
deficient amount of oxygen in cell tissues
hypoxia
condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs
obstructive lung disorder
condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs
restrictive lung disorder
fluid filling of the spaces around the alveoli, eventually flooding into the alveoli
pulmonary edema
density on an xray representing solid material within the air space of the lungs, usually indicating inflammatory changes
pulmonary infiltrate
thin, watery discharge from the nose
rhinorrhea
panting, obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane, characterized by paroxysmal attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough
asthma
collapse of lung tissue
atelectasis
abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus
bronchiectasis
inflammation of the bronchi
bronchitis
lung cancer
bronchogenic carcinoma
constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of peribronchial smooth muscle
bronchospasm
obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air, with destructive changes in their walls resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange
emphysema
permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, viscous mucus that obstructs passageways within the body, commonly affecting the lungs and digestive tract; mucus that obstructs the airways leads to infection, infla
cystic fibrosis
inflammation of the larynx
laryngitis
inflammation of the upper airways with swelling that creates a funnel-shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct "seal bark" cough
larnygotraeobronchitis (LTB) croup
spasm of the laryngeal muscles causing constriction
laryngospasm
presence of numerous polyps in the nose
nasal polyposis
inflammation of the pharynx
pharyngitis
accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity
pleural effusion
accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity
empyema pyothorax
accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity
hemothorax
inflammation of the pleura
pleuritis pleurisy
chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts such as coal, asbestos, or silicone
pneumoconiosis
inflammation in the lung caused by infection from bacteria, virus, fungi, or parasites or resulting from aspiration of chemicals
pneumonia
pneumonia caused by the Pneumocystis carinii organism- a common oportunistic infection seen in those with positive human immunodeficiency virus
pneumocystis pneumonia
air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall
pneumothorax
air and blood in the pleural cavity
pneumohemothorax
inflammation of the lung often caused by a blood clot
pulmonary embolism
disease caused by the presence of Myocobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs characterized by the formation of tubercles, inflammation and necrotizing caseous lesions
pulmonary tuberculosis
inflammation of the sinuses
sinusitis
periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often causing snoring
sleep apnea
acute of chronic inflammations of the tonsils
tonsillitis
infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx and bronchi
upper respiratory infection (UFI)

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