CH 8 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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- Where do plants get the energy they need to produce food?
- Light energy from the sun
- AUTOTROPH
- Organisms such as plants, which make their own food
- HETEROTROPH
- Organisms, such as animals, obtain energy from the foods they consume or decomposing other organisms like mushrooms
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ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
(ATP) - One of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy
- What does ATP consist of?
- ADENINE, a 5-carbon sugar called ROBOSE, and three phosphate groups which are the key to ATP's ability to store and release food
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ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE
(ADP) - A similar compound to ATP except it has only two phosphate groups instead of 3 like ATP...when it stores energy & a 3rd group is added it becomes ATP
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How is energy in ATP
released? - By breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate groups
- What are some of the ways cells use energy released?
- Active transport, synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, and responses to chemical signals at the cell surface
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True or False
ATP is a great molecule for transferring energy not storing large amounts for a long time - TRUE
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True or False
Cells can regenerate ATP from ADP as needed by using the energy in foods like glucose - TRUE
- PHOTOSYNTHESIS
- Process in which plants use the energy of sunlight to make high-energy carbohydrates
- Examples of high-energy carbohydrates
- Sugars and starches
- What is the waste product of Photosynthesis?
- Oxygen
- What did Jan van Helmont's research find or conclude?
- That trees gain most of their mass from water
- What did Joseph Priestly's research conclude?
- That plants release a substance that can keep a candle burning ... we now know that that substance is oxygen
- What did Ingenhousz conclude with his research?
- That plants need sunlight to produce oxygen
- What did the research of Helmont, Priestly and Ingenhousz lead to?
- Work of other scientists who discovered that in the presence of light, plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and plants also release oxygen
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What is this?
6CO2 + 6H20 -light- C6H12O6 + 6O2 -
Equation for photosynthesis which means
Carbon dioxide + water with light produces sugars + oxygen - What do plants use the sugars to produce?
- Complex Carbohydrates such as starches
- Where do plants obtain the carbon dioxide they need for photosynthesis?
- From the air or from the water in which they grow.
- In addition to water and carbon dioxide, what else is required for photosynthesis
- Light and chlorophyll
- Plants gather the sun's energy with light absorbing molecules called _________.
- PIGMENTS
- What is chlorophyll?
- The plants' principal pigment
- What are the two main types of Chlorophyll?
- Chlorophyll a & Chlorophyll b
- Why do plants look green?
- Chlorophyll absorbs light in the blue-violet and red regions of the visible spectrum very well but not the green..it reflects this and makes plants look green
- THYLAKOID
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SACLIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC MEMBRANES IN CHLOROPLASTS
And are arranged in stacks called Grana - PHOTOSYSTEMS
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Proteins in the thylakoid membrane organize chlorophyll and other pigments into photosystems...
Clusters in the thylakoid membrane of chlorophyll and other pigments which collect light - STROMA
- The region of the chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes
- NADP
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Electron carrier
It accepts and holds 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion... It is then NADPH - light-dependent reactions
- require energy from light to produce ADP and NADP into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH
- ATP synthase
- a protein that spans the thylakoid membrane and allows H+ ions to pass through it
- Calvin cycle
- Named after Melvin Calvin who worked out the cycle of ATP and NADPH to produce high-energy sugars and is a light INDEPENDENT CYCLE which does NOT require light
- What are the main products of the Calvin cycle?
- sugars, lipids, amino acids and other compounds
- In plants .. where does photosynthesis take place?
- Inside the chloroplasts
- Where do light-dependent reactions take place?
- Within the thylakoid membranes...
- What are the reactants in photosynthesis equation?
- Water, ADP and NADP
- What are the products of the photosynthesis equation
- oxygen gas, ATP and NADPH
- Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
- In the stroma of chloroplasts and does not require light (Light independent)
- What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
- Availability of water, temperature and intensity of light