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A.P World History 3 Marking period

Terms

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Absolutism
Absolutism is a type of national monarchy in which the monarch has great power and tends to be looked up to with awe and reverence.

Capitalism
Capitalism is a difficult, problematic term; it applies to a diversity of phenomenon spread across disparate historical cultures with substantially variable world views. However, the term is an Enlightenment European term used to describe European practices; so the term "capitalism" means more than just a body of social practices easily applied across geographical and historical distances, it is also a "way of thinking," and as a way of thinking does not necessarily apply to earlier European origins of capitalism or to capitalism as practiced in other cultures.
Caravel
The Iberian workhorse known as the caravel was one of the most important ships not only in Iberian history, but in the history of the world. The caravel was a vessel of paramount importance in the 15th and 16th centuries, when it was used to traverse the immense barrier to the New World
City-States
A city-state is an independent country whose territory consists of a city which is not administered as part of another local government.



Coerced Labor Systems
is a generic or collective term for those work relations, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will by the threat of destitution, detention, violence (including death), or other extreme hardship to themselves, or to members of their families. Many of these forms of work may be covered by the term forced labour, although the latter term tends to imply forms based on violence. Unfree labour includes all forms of slavery, and related institutions (e.g. debt bondage, serfdom, and labour camps).

Commerce
Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer. It comprises the trading of something of economic value such as goods, services, information, or money between two or more entities.
Conquistadors
The conquistadors were Spanish explorers and warriors who successfully conquered much of America in the 16th century
Denomination
a class or kind of persons or things distinguished by a specific name.
Diaspora
the scattering of the Jews to countries outside of Palestine after the Babylonian captivity.
Entrepot
a port where merchandise can be imported and re-exported with paying import duties; a mart or place where merchandise is deposited; as, an entrepôt for shipping goods in transit.
Excommunication
Excommunication is a religious censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. The word literally means putting [someone] out of communion. In some religions, excommunication includes spiritual condemnation of the member or group
Indentured
An indenture is a legal contract between two parties, particularly for indentured labour or a term of apprenticeship but also for certain land transactions.
Indulgence
remission of part or all of the temporal and especially purgatorial punishment that according to Roman Catholicism is due for sins whose eternal punishment has been remitted and whose guilt has been pardoned
Joint-Stock Companies

A joint stock company is financed with capital invested by the members or stockholders who receive transferable shares, or stock. It is under the control of certain selected managers called directors.




Kinship Groups

Group of people related by blood or marriage

Lateen Sail
triangular sail that was of decisive importance to medieval navigation. The ancient square sail permitted sailing only before the wind; the lateen was the earliest fore-and-aft sail. The triangular sail was affixed to a long yard or crossbar, mounted at its middle to the top of the mast and angled to extend aft far above the mast and forward down nearly to the deck
Manufacturing
is the use of machines, tools and labor to make things for use or sale. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale.
Manumission
To free from slavery or bondage; emancipate.

Mercantilism

an economic system developing during the decay of feudalism to unify and increase the power and especially the monetary wealth of a nation by a strict governmental regulation of the entire national economy usually through policies designed to secure an accumulation of bullion
Merchant
One whose occupation is the wholesale purchase and retail sale of goods for profit
Nobility
A class of persons distinguished by high birth or rank and in Great Britain including dukes and duchesses, marquises and marchionesses, earls and countesses, viscounts and viscountesses, and barons and baronesses
Patronage
the control of or power to make appointments to government jobs or the power to grant other political favors.
Plantation
a usually large farm or estate, esp. in a tropical or semitropical country, on which cotton, tobacco, coffee, sugar cane, or the like is cultivated, usually by resident laborers.
Protestant
an adherent of any of those Christian bodies that separated from the Church of Rome during the Reformation, or of any group descended from them.
Realm
the region, sphere, or domain within which anything occurs, prevails, or dominates
Renaissance
the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.
Sacrament
a visible sign of an inward grace, esp. one of the solemn Christian rites considered to have been instituted by Jesus Christ to symbolize or confer grace
Secularism
The view that religious considerations should be excluded from civil affairs or public education.

Slavery
the condition of a slave; bondage.
slave trade
the business or process of procuring, transporting, and selling slaves, esp. black Africans to the New World prior to the mid-19th century.

Stratification; social inequality
the hierarchical or vertical division of society according to rank, caste, or class
Tariffs
an official list or table showing the duties or customs imposed by a government on imports or exports.
Theocracy
a form of government in which God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, the God's or deity's laws being interpreted by the ecclesiastical authorities.
Trade Diaspora
the movement of Africans and their descendants to places throughout the world - predominantly to the Americas, then later to Europe, the Middle East and other places around the globe.

Usury
the lending or practice of lending money at an exorbitant interest.
The West
The Americas

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