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chp.35 people, places and terms

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juan and eva peron
a young army colonel of modest orgins became president in 1946;was one of the first to recognize the potential political power of the descamisados;eva(evita)minister for social welfare, portrayed herself as the champion of the poor;although their policies had great appeal the created problems:welfare programs were expensive. eva died of cancer and juan missed her influence. his policies made enemies and was driven into exile by them
falkland islands
isolated group of british owned islands in the south atlantic;generals sought to gain support by seizing the falkland islands, british sent major naval forces and britain recaptured falklands this brought end to military government,angry crowds demanded civilian government
sandinistas
rebels against somoza government formed a broad based group know as the sandinista national liberation front(faln);they overthrew somoza debayle after a bloody civil war that claimed 500,000 lives,launched a program that included land distribution and the nationalization of key industries. they asked for military aid from cuba and soviet
contras
rebel groups calling themselves contras(against)began fighting sandinista. they consisted of nicaraguans who opposed somoza but didnt want him to be replaced by a new dictator. reagan administration sent them aids and imposed stricked embargos;the long civil war and trade embargo had a devasting impact on their life:30,000 died and the economy almost collapsed;costa rico called for a cease fire(an end to outside aid to contras)held free elections--national opposition union(UNO)
fidel castro
resented batista was a lawyer and although wealthy he vowed to distribute cubas weath evenly he also promised to reduce U.S. influence in cuban affairs; he and 165 of his followers launched an attack on an army barracks,it failed,was sentenced to 15 yrs in jail.bartista relased him 2 yrs later, still castro went to mexico to organize a new group of rebels-led his 82 men to cuba where all but 12 were killed..finally in 1959 castro defeated batista
civil rights movement
civil rights act, which outlawed discrimination and supported equal oppurtunities, ended the old system of segregation
free trade agreement
U.S. and canada signed this agreement eliminating most trade barriers. almost three forths of canadas exports were sold to the U.S. amd over half of their imports were from the U.S.;St. lawrence sea way symbolised a growing spirit of economic cooperation between the 2
platt amendment
although free from spaon cuba had to include this document in their new constitution; it gave the U.S. to the rite to use military forces to intervene in cuban affains;cancelled in 1934, cubans still considered it a antional humiliation
la brigada
Castros policies angered eisenhower so he approved a plan sponsered the the CIA to train a small army of anti castro cuban exiles, the plan called for them to invade cuba, set up a rebel gov. and overthrow castro-included 1,400 men;la brigada attempted to make a suprise attack on the bay of pigs but a cuban army of 20,000 men surrounded them and the outnumbered exiles were forced to surrender
general augusto pinochet
transformed chile into a military dictatorship ; suspended the constitution, closed congress, banned political parties, and censored news broadcast;unpopular ruler because of his human rights violations
carlos salinas de gortari
PRI(partido revolucionario institucional) canidate; launched a program of economic reforms(by selling hundreds of state owned companiesvand deregulating private industries. also signed NAFTA(noth american free trade agreement);zabatista unhappy with his rule (peasants)
fulgencio batista
dominated cuba;eliminated free elections, dissolved the cuban congress, and used the secret police to intimidate his critics
movement for womens rights
many women sought to enter the work force, there they were often encountered by discrimination in employment and salary,soon women could see the changes;sandra day o'connor became the first woman justice on the supreme court of the U.S.;equal rights amendment(ERA)an amendment to the constitution baning discrimination against women, was not aproved by enough states to become a law
Dr. martin luther king, Jr.
followed the strategy of nonviolent protests used by Gandhi; assassinated in april 1968
manuel noriega
a brutal leader;a federal grand jury indicted him on drug-trafficking charges, he refused to yield power to civilian authorities,U.S. broke diplomatic relations with his regime and imposed strict controls on trade

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