chp.35 people, places and terms
Terms
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- juan and eva peron
- a young army colonel of modest orgins became president in 1946;was one of the first to recognize the potential political power of the descamisados;eva(evita)minister for social welfare, portrayed herself as the champion of the poor;although their policies had great appeal the created problems:welfare programs were expensive. eva died of cancer and juan missed her influence. his policies made enemies and was driven into exile by them
- falkland islands
- isolated group of british owned islands in the south atlantic;generals sought to gain support by seizing the falkland islands, british sent major naval forces and britain recaptured falklands this brought end to military government,angry crowds demanded civilian government
- sandinistas
- rebels against somoza government formed a broad based group know as the sandinista national liberation front(faln);they overthrew somoza debayle after a bloody civil war that claimed 500,000 lives,launched a program that included land distribution and the nationalization of key industries. they asked for military aid from cuba and soviet
- contras
- rebel groups calling themselves contras(against)began fighting sandinista. they consisted of nicaraguans who opposed somoza but didnt want him to be replaced by a new dictator. reagan administration sent them aids and imposed stricked embargos;the long civil war and trade embargo had a devasting impact on their life:30,000 died and the economy almost collapsed;costa rico called for a cease fire(an end to outside aid to contras)held free elections--national opposition union(UNO)
- fidel castro
- resented batista was a lawyer and although wealthy he vowed to distribute cubas weath evenly he also promised to reduce U.S. influence in cuban affairs; he and 165 of his followers launched an attack on an army barracks,it failed,was sentenced to 15 yrs in jail.bartista relased him 2 yrs later, still castro went to mexico to organize a new group of rebels-led his 82 men to cuba where all but 12 were killed..finally in 1959 castro defeated batista
- civil rights movement
- civil rights act, which outlawed discrimination and supported equal oppurtunities, ended the old system of segregation
- free trade agreement
- U.S. and canada signed this agreement eliminating most trade barriers. almost three forths of canadas exports were sold to the U.S. amd over half of their imports were from the U.S.;St. lawrence sea way symbolised a growing spirit of economic cooperation between the 2
- platt amendment
- although free from spaon cuba had to include this document in their new constitution; it gave the U.S. to the rite to use military forces to intervene in cuban affains;cancelled in 1934, cubans still considered it a antional humiliation
- la brigada
- Castros policies angered eisenhower so he approved a plan sponsered the the CIA to train a small army of anti castro cuban exiles, the plan called for them to invade cuba, set up a rebel gov. and overthrow castro-included 1,400 men;la brigada attempted to make a suprise attack on the bay of pigs but a cuban army of 20,000 men surrounded them and the outnumbered exiles were forced to surrender
- general augusto pinochet
- transformed chile into a military dictatorship ; suspended the constitution, closed congress, banned political parties, and censored news broadcast;unpopular ruler because of his human rights violations
- carlos salinas de gortari
- PRI(partido revolucionario institucional) canidate; launched a program of economic reforms(by selling hundreds of state owned companiesvand deregulating private industries. also signed NAFTA(noth american free trade agreement);zabatista unhappy with his rule (peasants)
- fulgencio batista
- dominated cuba;eliminated free elections, dissolved the cuban congress, and used the secret police to intimidate his critics
- movement for womens rights
- many women sought to enter the work force, there they were often encountered by discrimination in employment and salary,soon women could see the changes;sandra day o'connor became the first woman justice on the supreme court of the U.S.;equal rights amendment(ERA)an amendment to the constitution baning discrimination against women, was not aproved by enough states to become a law
- Dr. martin luther king, Jr.
- followed the strategy of nonviolent protests used by Gandhi; assassinated in april 1968
- manuel noriega
- a brutal leader;a federal grand jury indicted him on drug-trafficking charges, he refused to yield power to civilian authorities,U.S. broke diplomatic relations with his regime and imposed strict controls on trade