Classic Findings First Aid 2006
Terms
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- Often precedes squamous cell carcinoma
- Actinic keratosis
- Primary adrenocortical deficiency
- Addison's disease
- Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls
- Albright's syndrome
- Guillain-Barre (increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)
- Albuminocytologic dissociation
- Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
- Alport's syndrome
- Anti-basement membrane antibodies
- Goodpasture's syndrome
- Anticentromere antibodies
- Scleroderma (CREST)
- Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies)
- SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
- Anti-epithelial cell antibodies
- Pemphigus vulgaris
- Antigliadin antibodies
- Celiac disease
- Antihistone antibodies
- Drug-induced SLE
- Anti-IgG antibodies
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA)
- Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)
- Antineutrophil antibodies
- Vasculitis
- Antiplatelet antibodies
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Arachnodactyly
- Marfan's syndrome
- Argyll Robertson pupil
- Neurosyphilis
- Arnold-Chiari malformation
- Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
- Aschoff bodies
- Rheumatic fever
- Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
- Wernicke's encephalopathy
- Auer rods
- Acute myelogenous leukemia (especially the promyelocytic type)
- Autosplenectomy
- Sickle cell anemia
- Babinski's sign
- UMN lesion
- Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- "Bamboo spine" on x-ray
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Hyperreninemia
- Bartter's syndrome
- Basophilic stippling of RBCs
- Lead poisoning
- Defective dystrophin, less severe than Duchenne's
- Becker's muscular dystrophy
- LMN CN VII palsy
- Bell's palsy
- Bence Jones proteins
- Multiple myeloma (kappa or lamda Ig light chains in urine), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
- IgA nephropathy
- Berger's disease
- Defect in platelet adhesion
- Bernard-Soulier disease (GbIb defect?)
- Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
- Sarcoidosis
- Birbeck granules on EM
- Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
- Bloody tap on LP
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- "Blue bloater"
- Chronic bronchitis
- Blue-domed cysts
- Fibrocystic change of the breast
- Blue sclera
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Boot-shaped heart on x-ray
- Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
- Bouchard's nodes
- Osteoarthritis (PIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
- Boutonniere deformity
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Branching rods in oral infection
- Actinomyces israelli
- "Brown tumor" of bone
-
Hemorrhage causes brown color of osteolytic cysts:
1. Hyperparathyroidism
2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease) - Brushfield's spots
- Down syndrome
- Bruton's disease
- X-linked agammaglobulinemia
- Budd-Chiari syndrome
- Posthepatic venous thrombosis
- Buerger's disease
- Small/medium-artery vasculitis
- 8:14 translocation; associated with EBV
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- Burton's lines
- Lead poisoning
- C-ANCA, P-ANCA
- Wegener's granulomatosis, polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
- Cafe-au-lait spots on skin
- Neurofibromatosis
- Caisson disease
- Gas emboli
- Calf pseudohypertrophy
- Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
- Call-Exner bodies
- Granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
- Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
- Chagas' disease
- Cerebriform nuclei
- Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
- Chagas' disease
- Trypanosome infection (T. cruzi), American tryano...
- Chancre, not painful
- Primary syphilis
- Chancroid
- Haemophilus ducreyi (painful)
- Charcot's triad
- Multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech), cholangitis (jaundice, RUQ pain, fever)
- Charcot-Leyden crystals
- Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes)
- Chediak-Higashi disease
- Phagocyte deficiency
- Cherry-red spot on macula
- Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick disease, central retinal artery occlusion
- Cheyne-Stokes respirations
- Central apnea in CHF and increased intracranial pressure
- "Chocolate cysts"
- Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
- Chronic atrophic gastritis
- Predisposition to gastric carcinoma
- Chvostek's sign
- Hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)
- Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
- DES exposure in utero
- Clue cells
- Gardnerella vaginitis
- Codman's triangle on x-ray
- Osteosarcoma
- Cold agglutinins
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis
- Cold intolerance
- Hypothyroidism
- Condylomata lata
- Secondary syphilis
- Continuous machinery murmur
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Cori's disease
- Debranching enzyme deficiency
- Cotton-wool spots
- Chronic hypertension
- Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis + fever (and Koplik's spots in the prodrome)
- Measles
- Councilman bodies
- Toxic or viral hepatitis
- Cowdry type A bodies
- Herpesvirus
- Crescents in Bowman's capsule
- Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
- Crigler-Najjar syndrome
- Congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
- Curling's ulcer
- Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
- Currant jelly sputum
- Klebsiella
- Curschmann's spirals
- Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
- Cushing's ulcer
- Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
- D-dimers
- DIC
- Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
- Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder-rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
- Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
- Pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3 deficiency)
- Diabetes insipidus + exophthalmos + lesions of skull
- Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
- Dog or cate bite
- Pasteurella multocida
- Donovan bodies
- Granuloma inguinale
- Dressler's syndrome
- Post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
- Dubin-Johnson syndrome
- Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
- Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
- Deleted dystrophin gene (x-linked recessive)
- Eburnation
- Osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearanc of bone)
- Edward's syndrome
- Trisomy 18 associated with rocker-bottom feet, low-set ears, heart disease
- Eisenmenger's complex
- Late cyanosis shunt (uncorrected L to R shunt becomes R to L shunt)
- Elastic skin
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- Erb-Duchenne palsy
- Superior trunk brachial plexus injury ("waiter's tip")
- Erythema chronicum migrans
- Lyme disease
- Fanconi's syndrome
- Proximal tubular reabsorption defect
- "Fat, female, forty, and fertile"
- Acute cholecystitis
- Fatty liver
- Alcoholism
- Ferruginous bodies
- Asbestosis
- Gardner's syndrome
- Colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors
- Gaucher's disease
- Glucocerebrosidase deficiency
- Ghon complex
- Primary TB
- Gilbert's syndrome
- Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
- Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
- Defect in platelet aggregation (GpIIbIIIa defect?)
- Goodpasture's syndrome
- Autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins
- Gower's maneuver
- Duchenne's (use of patient's arms to help legs pick self off the floor)
- Guillan-Barre syndrome
- Idiopathic polyneuritis
- "Hair-on-end" appearance on x-ray
- Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis)
- Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
- Chronic progressive histiocytosis
- HbF
- Thalassemia major
- HbS
- Sickle cell anemia
- hCG elevated
- Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
- Heberden's nodes
- Osteoarthritis (DIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
- Heinz bodies
- G6PD deficiency
- Henoch-Schonlein purpura
- Hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria and URIs
- Heterophil antibodies
- Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
- High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy)
- Wet beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
- HLA-B27
- Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis
- HLA-DR3 or -DR4
- Diabetes mellitis type 1 (caused by autoimmune destruction of Beta cells)
- Homer Wright rosettes
- Neuroblastoma
- Honeycomb lung on x-ray
- Interstitial fibrosis
- Horner's syndrome
- Ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis
- Howell-Jolly bodies
- Splenectomy (or nonfunctional spleen)
- Huntington's disease
- Caudate degeneration (autosomal dominant)
- Hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility
- Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
- Hyperpigmentation of skin
- Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
- Hypersegmented neutrophils
- Macrocytic anemia
- Hypertension + hypokalemia
- Conn's syndrome
- Hypochromic microcytosis
- Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning
- Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
- Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
- Increased uric acid levels
- Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
- Intussusception
- Adenovirus (causes hyperplasia of Peyer's patches)
- Janeway lesions
- Endocarditis
- Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
- Syphilis-overaggressive treatment of an asymptomatic patient that causes symptoms due to rapid lysis
- Job's syndrome
- Neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality
- Kaposi's sarcoma
- AIDS in MSM (men who have sex with men)
- Kartagener's syndrome
- Dynein defect
- Kayser-Fleischer rings
- Wilson's disease
- Keratin pearls
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Kluver-Bucy syndrome
- Bilateral amygdala lesions
- Koilocytes
- HPV
- Koplik spots
- Measles
- Krukenberg tumor
- Gastric adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastases
- Kussmaul hyperpnea
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility
- Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin deficit)
- Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
- HGPRT deficiency
- Lewy bodies
- Parkinson's disease
- Libman-Sacks disease
- Endocarditis associated with SLE
- Lines of Zahn
- Arterial thrombus
- Lisch nodules
- Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)
- Low serum ceruloplasmin
- Wilson's disease
- Lucid interval
- Epidural hematoma
- "Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
- Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
- Lytic bone lesions on x-ray
- Multiple myeloma
- Mallory bodies
- Alchoholic liver disease
- Mallory-Weiss syndrome
- Esophagogastric lacerations
- McArdle's disease
- Muscle phosphorylase deficiency
- McBurney's sign
- Appendicitis
- MLF syndrome (INO)
- Multiple sclerosis
- Monoclonal antibody spike
- Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA), MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance), Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
- Myxedema
- Hypothyroidism
- Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
- Wegener's and Goodpasture's (hemoptysis and glomerular disease)
- Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
- Gout
- Negri bodies
- Rabies
- Nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss
- Alport's syndrome
- Neurofibrillary tangles
- Alzheimer's disease
- Niemann-Pick disease
- Sphingomyelinase deficiency
- No lactation postpartum
- Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary dysfunction)
- Nutmeg liver
- CHF
- Occupational exposure to asbestos
- Malignant mesothelioma
- "Orphan Annie" nuclei
- Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
- Osler's nodes
- Endocarditis
- Owl's eyes
- CMV
- Painless jaundice
- Pancreatic cancer (head)
- Palpable purpura on legs and buttocks
- Henoch-Schonlein purpura
- Pancoast's tumor
- Bronchogenic apical tumor associated with Horner's syndrome
- Pannus
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Parkinson's disease
- Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
- Periosteal elevation on x-ray
- Pyogenic osteomyelitis
- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- Benign polyposis
- Peyronie's disease
- Penile fibrosis
- Philadelphia chromosome (bcr-abl)
- CML (may sometimes be associated with AML)
- Pick bodies
- Pick's disease
- Pick's disease
- Progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's
- "Pink puffer"
- Emphysema [centroacinar (smoking), panacinar (alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency)]
- Plummer-Vinson syndrome
- Esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia
- Podagra
- Gout (MP joint of hallux)
- Podocyte fusion
- Minimal change disease
- Polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology, and edema
- Dry beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
- Polyneuropathy preceded by GI or respiratory infection
- Guillan-Barre syndrome
- Pompe's disease
- Lysosomal glucosidase deficiency associated with cardiomegaly
- Port-wine stain
- Hemangioma
- Positive anterior "drawer sign"
- ACL injury
- Pott's disease
- Vertebral tuberculosis
- Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement
- Gliblastoma multiforme
- Pseudorosettes
- Ewing's sarcoma
- Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
- Horner's syndrome (Pancoast's tumor)
- Rash on palms and soles
- Secondary syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Raynoud's syndrome
- Recurrent vasospasm in extremeties
- RBC casts in urine
- Acute glomerulonephritis
- Recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and S. aureus infections
- Cystic fibrosis
- Red urine in the morning
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Reed-Sternberg cells
- Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Reid index (increased)
- Chronic bronchitis
- Reinke crystals
- Leydig cell tumor
- Reiter's syndrome
- Urethritis, conjuntivitis, arthritis
- Renal cell carcinoma + cavernous hemangiomas + adenomas
- von Hippel-Lindau disease
- Renal epithelial casts in urine
- Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
- Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
- Pseudogout
- Rib notching
- Coarcation of aorta
- Roth's spots on retina
- Endocarditis
- Rotor's syndrome
- Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
- Rouleaux formation (RBCs)
- Multiple myeloma
- Russell bodies
- Multiple myeloma
- S3
- Left-to-right shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF)
- S4
- Aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
- Schiller-Duval bodies
- Yolk sac tumor
- Senile plaques
- Alzheimer's disease
- Sezary syndrome
- Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
- Sheehan's syndrome
- Postpartum pituitary necrosis
- Shwartzman reaction
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Signet-ring cells
- Gastric carcinoma
- Simian crease
- Down syndrome
- Sipple's syndrome
- MEN type IIa
- Sjogren's syndrome
- Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
- Skip lesions
- Crohn's
- Slapped cheeks
- Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) [Parvovirus B19 "Bingo"]
- Smith antigen
- SLE
- "Smudge cell"
- CLL
- Soap bubble on x-ray
- Giant cell tumor of bone
- Spike and dome on EM
- Membranous glomerulonephritis
- Spitz nevus
- Benign juvenile melanoma
- Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
- Endocarditis
- Starry-sky pattern
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- "Strawberry tongue"
- Scarlet fever (also measles?)
- Streaky ovaries
- Turner's syndrome
- String sign on x-ray
- Crohn's disease
- Subepithelial humps on EM
- Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
- Suboccipital lymphadenopathy
- Rubella
- Sulfur granules
- Actinomyces israelli
- Swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing, anemia
- Scurvy (ascorbic acid, vitamin C deficiency)-vitamin C is necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
- Systolic ejection murmor (cresendo-decrescendo)
- Aortic valve stenosis
- t(8;14)
- Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc mutation)
- t(9;22)
- Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl hybrid)