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Biology Chapter 9

Terms

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The skin cells that reproduce are where?
Under the top layer of skin, to replace the dead skin on top and help to grow.
When offspring are identical it is called...
Asexual reproduction.
This reproduction involves two seperate parents
Sexual reproduction
Cellular division is call...
Asexual reproduction.
Most multicellular organisms reproduce through...
Sexual reproduction.
Chromatin is a combination of...
DNA and protein molecules.
Visible compacted chromatin structures...
Chromosomes
Two identical joined copies of chromosomes are..
Sister chromatids
The region where the sister chromatids are tightly locked together is called the...
Centromere
Eukaryotic cells that do divide undergo an orderly sequence of events known as the...
Cell cycle
Interphase
Cell carries out metabolic processes.
The stage of cell cycle where cell is actually dividing.
Mitotic phase.
In mitosis...
The nucleus and duplicated chromosomes divide, forming two daughter nuclei.
In cytokinesis...
Cytoplasm is divided into two.
A football-shaped framework of microtubules called the spindle.
Spindle.
Centrosomes
Regions of cytoplasmic material that in animal cells contain structures called centrioles.
Stage 1 of mitosis
Prophase
Stage 2 of mitosis
Metaphase
Stage 3 of mitosis
Anaphase
Stage 4 of mitosis
Telophase
In prophase...
Chromosomes form, spindle forms, nuclear envelope breaks.
In metaphase...
Spindle fully formed, chromosomes gather in middle of cell.
In anaphase...
Chromatids seperate
In telophase...
Prophase is reversed
When cytokinesis occurs in plants, this forms...
Cell plate
In animal cells, cytokinesis...
Is like squeezing the cell with elastic ring.
An abnormal mass of essentially normal cells is called a...
Benign tumor.
Malignant tumors are...
Masses of cells that result from the reproduction of cancer cells.
Cancer is disease caused by...
Severe disruption of mechanisms that normally control the cell cycle.
The spread of cancer cells beyond their original cite is called...
Metastasis.
This tumor is the more harmful of the two...
Malignant tumor.
Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy...
Attempt to stop the division of cancerous cells, but can harm normal cells in the process.
Meiosis is...
Type of cell division that produces four cells with one half the number of chromosomes.
A display of the 46 chromosomes of an individul is called...
Karyotype
The two chromosomes of each pair are called...
Homologous chromosomes.
The sex chromosomes...
Are the 23rd pair, and determine the person's sex.
The difference between sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes is...
Sister chromatids are identical.
Diploid cells...
Contain 2 homologous sets of chromosomes.
Sex cells are also known as...
Gametes
A cell with a single set of chromosomes is called a...
Haploid cell.
Fusion of sex cells is called...
Fertilization
A fertilized egg is called a...
Zygote.
2n
Diploid cells
N
Haploid cells
Paired chromosomes with four chromatids are called...
Tetrads.

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