Blunt Trauma 2
Terms
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- Key Point
- The potential for injury from a fall depends on the height and stopping distance.
- Kinetics
- The branch of physics that deals with motion, taking into consideration mass and force.
- Inertia
- Tendency of an object to remain at rest or remain in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
- Motion
- The process of changing place; movement.
- Energy
- The capacity to do work in the strict physical sense.
- Kinetic Energy
- The energy an object has while it is in motion. It is related to the object's mass and velocity.
- Mass
- A measure of the matter that an object contains; the property of a physical body that gives the body inertia.
- Velocity
- The rate of motion in a particular direction in realtion to time.
- Kinetic Energy Formula
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Kinetic Energy = Mass x Velocity²
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2 - Acceleration
- The rate at which speed or velocity increases.
- Deceleration
- The rate at which speed or velocity decreases.
- Force Equation
- Force = Mass x Acceleration (or deceleration)
- Exsanguination
- The draining of blood to the point at which life cannot be sustained.
- Events of Vehicle Collision
-
Vehicle collision
Body collision
Organ collision
Secondary collision
Additional impacts - Types of Vehicle Impact
-
Frontal
Lateral
Rotational
Rear-end
Rollover - Mechanisms Associated with Frontal Impacts
-
Down-and-under pathway
Up-and-Over pathway
Ejection - Axial Loading
- Application of the forces of trauma along the axis of the spine; this often results in compression fractures of the spine.
- Crumple Zone
- The region of a vehicle designed to absorb the energy of impact.
- Oblique
- Having a slanted position or direction.
- Oxidizer
- An agent that enhances combustion of a fuel.
- Pressure Wave
- Area of over-pressure that radiates outward from an explosion.
- Mechanisms Associated with Blasts
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Pressure wave
Blast wind
Projectiles
Personnel displacement
Confined spaces and structural collapses
Burns - Overpressure
- A rapid increase then decrease in atmospheric pressure created by an explosion.
- Blast Wind
- The air movement caused as the heated and pressurized products of an explosion move outward.
- Ordnance
- Military weapons and munitions.
- Flechettes
- Arrow-shaped projectiles found in some military ordnance.
- Key Points
- The most lethal explosions are those causing structural collapses followed by those in confined spaces.
- Incendiary
- An agent that combusts easily or creates combustion.
- Blast Injury Phases
-
Primary - caused by heat of explosion and overpressure wave
Secondary - caused by blast projectiles
Tertiary - caused by personnel displacement and structural collapse. - Emboli
- Undissolved solid, liquid, or gaseous matter in the bloodstream that may cause blockage of blood vessels.
- Dyspnea
- Labored or difficult breathing.
- Hemoptysis
- Expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract.
- Pneumothorax
- Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity between the chest wall and lung.