bioligy
Terms
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- a series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is consumed in the next reaction
- biochemical pathway
- the intitial reactions in photosynthesis including the absorption of light by photsystes 1 and 2, the passage of electrons along the electron transport chains, the production of NADPH and O 2, and the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis
- light reactions
- a stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast
- grana
- in plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast
- stroma
- the protion of sunlight perceived by the human eye as various colors
- visible spectrum
- the distance between crests in a wave
- wavelengh
- in plants, a compound that absorbs light and imparts color
- pigment
- a class of light-absorbing pigments used in photsynthiesis
- chlorophyll
- a pigment that absorbs light energy and transfers energy to chlorophyll a in photosynthesis
- accessory pigment
- a light-absorbing coupound that functions as an accessory pigment in photosynthesis
- carotenoids
- in plants, a unit of serveral hundred chlorophyll molecules and cartenoid pigment molecules in the thylakoid membrane
- photosystem
- a molecule in the thylakoid membrane that accepts the electrons that chlorophyll a loses in the light reactions
- primary electron acceptor
- an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate
- ATP synthase
- a process in chloroplasts and mitochondria in whic the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP
- chemiosmosis
- the incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic coumpounds
- carbon fixation
- ribulose bisphosphate; a five-carbon carbohydrate that combines with CO2 to form two molecules of PGA in the first step of the Calvin cycle
- RuBP
- phosphoglycerate; a three-carbon molecule formed in the first step of the Calvin cycle
- PGA
- glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three-carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds
- PGAL
- a plant that fixes carbon exclusively through the Calvin cycle, named for the three-carbon compound that is initially formed
- C3 plants
- a plant that incorporates CO2 into four-carbon compounds
- C4 plant
- one of many small pores usaually located on the underside of a leaf; aids in gas exchange
- stomata
- crassulacean acid metabolism; a biochemical pahway in certain plants in which CO2 is incorporated into organic acids at night and released for fixation in the Calvin cycle during the day
- CAM