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bio test final 3

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Asexual reproduction
requires only one parent.
Each unique form of the same gene is called:
an allele.
Crossing over occurs during:
prophase I
At the end of telophase II there are:
four haploid daughter cells.
During crossing over, ________ undergo breakage and exchange segments.
nonsister chromatids of a homologous pair
What is the formula for determining how many combinations of chromosomes there can be in gametes, where n is the number of chromosomes?
2n
In plants, a zygote develops into a:
sporophyte
How many haploid ova, or egg cells, are formed from one diploid oogonium?
1
How many haploid spermatid, are formed from one diploid spermatogonium?
4
The location of a specific gene on a particular type of chromosome is a:
gene locus.
If two plants that are both heterozygous for a trait (i.e., Aa) are crossed, what percentage of their offspring will also be heterozygous for that trait?
50%
Gregor Mendel was the first to describe:
the law of independent assortment.
The Punnett-square method is used to predict:
probable outcomes of genetic crosses.
When a heterozygote's phenotype shows a mixture of the phenotypes of two homozygotes because one allele of the pair is not fully dominant over its partner, this is called:
incomplete dominance.
If an ABO blood typing reveals that you are homozygous recessive (ii), your blood type:
must be O.
Pink snapdragons are heterozygous for a red and a white allele; their color is an example of incomplete dominance. If two pink snapdragons are crossed, what colors can you expect in their offspring?
100% pink
In a bar graph showing the range of variation for a trait, the shortest bar represents:
the category with the least number of individuals.
All molecular forms of the same gene are called:
alleles
When two alleles on homologous chromosomes are identical, this is called:
homozygous
An individual's observable traits are called the:
phenotype
Offspring of a cross between true-breeding lineages that inherit nonidentical alleles are called:
hybrids
Crossing over during meiosis results in combinations of alleles not present in the parental cell.
True
A human sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes an egg. Assuming the egg is normal, what sex will the offspring be?
male
The probability that a crossover will disrupt the linkage between two genes is proportional to:
the distance between the genes.
The human X chromosome:
is much larger than the Y chromosome.
Genes that are closely linked:
are rarely separated by crossing over.
What standardized symbols are used to represent males and females on a pedigree?
a square for males and a circle for females
Huntington disease is governed by autosomal dominant inheritance. What is the likelihood that a person who has one heterozygous affected parent and one normal parent will develop the disease?
50%
Galactosemia is governed by autosomal recessive inheritance. What is the likelihood that a person who has one affected parent and one homozygous normal parent has the disorder?
0% (impossible)
If a man has hemophilia (an X-linked recessive trait) and his wife is homozygous for the normal allele,
all daughters will be carriers.
Cri-du-chat syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by:
a deletion from chromosome 5.
Down syndrome:
is also known as trisomy 21.
A gene's most common form is called the:
wild-type allele.
A human sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes an egg. Assuming the egg is normal, what sex will the offspring be?
male
The probability that a crossover will disrupt the linkage between two genes is proportional to:
the distance between the genes.
The human X chromosome:
is much larger than the Y chromosome.
Genes that are closely linked:
are rarely separated by crossing over.
What standardized symbols are used to represent males and females on a pedigree?
a square for males and a circle for females
If a man has hemophilia (an X-linked recessive trait) and his wife is homozygous for the normal allele,
all daughters will be carriers.
Cri-du-chat syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by:
a deletion from chromosome 5.
A gene's most common form is called the:
wild-type allele.
What happened when Griffith injected mice with heat-killed S bacteria?
The mice lived and had no live bacteria in their blood.
Griffith showed that mice injected with heat-killed S cells and live R cells will die. Knowing the results of his three other control experiments, Griffith could conclude:
the hereditary material of S cells was not destroyed by heat and had transformed the normally harmless R strain into a killer.
Bacteriophages consist only of:
proteins and nucleic acids.
What element is found in protein but not DNA?
sulfur
The complementary bases of the two strands of DNA are held together by:
hydrogen bonds.
What component of DNA forms the backbone of each strand?
sugars and phosphates
Which of the following is not a component of a nucleotide?
glycerol
A pyrimidine always base-pairs with:
a purine.
The phrase "semiconservative replication" refers to the fact that:
half of the parent DNA double helix is conserved during replication.
During DNA replication,
DNA polymerase attaches short stretches of free nucleotides to the parent template.
The genetic material used to create Dolly was derived from a(n):
cell from an adult sheep's udder.
Dolly was genetically identical to:
the sheep that donated the nucleus that formed her first cell.
The first step in building a protein from the instructions in the genes is ________ of the DNA.
transcription
The five-carbon sugar in RNA is:
ribose
The enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA during transcription is:
RNA polymerase.
After transcription, eukaryotic mRNA:
is modified by enzymes that remove the introns, add a tail, and add a cap.
Which of the following is not an anticodon?
TAG
A base triplet in mRNA is a(n):
codon
Which change in a codon would be least likely to change the amino acid specified?
third nucleotide in the codon
DNA segments that move spontaneously from one region of the genome to another are:
transposons
Each ribosome has _________ subunits.
two
Peptide bonds link
amino acids in a polypeptide.
Base-pair substitution results in a mutation when:
a base is mismatched during replication, and a protein incorporates the wrong amino acid.
Which of the following would cause a frameshift mutation?
an insertion

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