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Chapter 29-Human Development

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When a conceptus arrives in the uterus, it is at what stage of development?
a. zygote
b. morula
c. blastomere
d. blastocyst
e. embryo
morula
The entry of a sperm nucleus into an egg must be preceded by
a. the cortical reaction
b. the acrosomal reaction
c. the fast block
d. implantation
e. cleavage
the acrosomal reaction
The stage of the conceptus that implants in the uterine wall is
a. a blastomere
b. a morula
c. a blastocyst
d. an embryo
e. a zygote
a blastocyst
Chorionic villi develop from
a. the zona pellucida
b. the endometrium
c. the syncytiotrophoblast
d. the embryoblast
e. the corona radiata
the syncytiotrophoblast
Which of these results from aneuploidy?
a. turner syndrome
b. fetal alcohol syndrome
c. nondisjunction
d. progeria
e. rubella
turner syndrome
Fetal urine accumulates in the_____and contributes to the fluid there.
a. placental sinus
b. yolk sac
c. allantois
d. chorion
e. amnion
amnion
One theory of senescence is that it results from a lifetime of damage by
a. teratogens
b. aneuploidy
c. free radicals
d. cytomegalovirus
e. nondisjunction
free radicals
Photoaging is a major factor in the senescence of
a. the integumentary system
b. the eyes
c. the nervous system
d. the skeletal system
e. the cardiovascular system
the integumentary system
Which of these is not a common effect of senescence?
a. reduced synthesis of vitamin D
b. atrophy of the kidneys
c. atrophy of the cerebral gyri
d. increased herniation of the intervertebral discs
e. reduced pulmonary vital capac
increased herination of intervertebral discs
For the first 8 weeks of gestation, a conceptus is nourished mainly by
a. the placenta
b. amniotic fluid
c. colostrum
d. decidual cells
e. yolk cytoplasm
decidual cells
Viruses and chemicals that cause congenital anatomical deformities are called_______.
teratogens
Aneuploidy is caused by________, the failure of two homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis.
nondisjunction
The maximum age attainable by a member of the human species is called the______.
life span
The average age attained by humans in a given population is called the________.
life expectancy
Fetal blood flows through growths called________which project into the placental sinus.
chorionic villi
The enzymes with which a sperm penetrates an egg are contained in an organelle called the________.
acrosome
Stiffening of the arteries, joints, and lenses in old age may be a result of cross-linking between_______molecules.
collagen
An enlarged tounge, epicanthal folds of the eyes, and mental retardation are characteristics of a genetic anomaly called________.
down syndrome
The fossa ovalis is a remnant of a fetal shunt called the_______.
foramen ovale
A developing individual is first classified as a/an______when the three primary germ layers have formed.
embryo
T/F Freshly ejaculated sperm are more capable of fertilizing an egg then are sperm several days old.
False, sperm require about 10 hours to become capacitated and able to fertilize an egg.
T/F Fertilization normally occurs in the lumen of the uterus.
False, fertilization normaly occurs in the uterine tube.
T/F An egg is usually fertilized by the first sperm that contacts it.
False, Several early-arriving sperm clear a path for the one that fertilizes the egg.
T/F By the time a conceptus reaches the uterus, it has already undergone several cell divisions and consists of 16 cells or more.
True
T/F The conceptus is first considered a fetus when all of the organ systems are present.
True
T/F The placenta becomes increasingly permeable as it develops.
True
T/F The endocrine system shows less senescence in old age than most other organ systems.
True
T/F Fetal blood bypasses the nonfunctional liver by passing through the foramen ovale.
False, bypasses the lungs
T/F Blood in the umbilical vein has a higher PO2 than blood in the umbilical arteries.
True
T/F It is well established that people who exercise regularly live longer than those who do not.
False, exercise has proven to improve quality of live in old age, but hasn't shown to increase life expectancy significantly.

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