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History--Semester 1

Terms

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10.1
Allies
The alliance of France, Britian, and Russia in WWI.
10.1
Central Powers
The Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire in WWI.
10.1
Militarism
Glorification of the military.
10.1
What move toward lasting peace was made by the First Universal Peace Conference?
It formed a world court to settle disputes between nations
10.1
Pan-Slavism
Followers believed that all Slavic people shared a common nationality. Russia thought it was its duty to protect the smaller Slavic nations as Russia was the largest.
10.1
What was a leading cause of international tension in the early 1900s?
Aggressive nationalism
9.3
Great Salt March
Gandhi's march to the sea to protest British policies.
9.3
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Leader of the Muslim League
9.3
What did the Indian nationalists expect after helping Britain in WWI?
Greater self-government
9.3
What method did Gandhi adopt in his stuggle against British injustice?
Nonviolence
9.3
What American philosopher influenced Gandhi?
Henry David Thoreau
9.3
What is an example of a protest urged by Gandhi?
A boycott of British goods
9.3
Why did Gandhi undertake the Great Salt March?
To end the British salt monopoly
9.3
What idea did Muhammad Ali Jinnah support?
A separate state for Muslims.
10.1
Why did the British feel threatend by Germany?
German factories outproducted British factories.
10.1
What brought France and Germany twice to the brink of war in the early 1900s?
Competition for colonies
10.1
What was one result of militarism?
The arms race
10.1
What was the main intention of the alliances formed among European nations?
To discourage outside attacks.
10.2
Gavrilo Princip
The Serbian who assianated Archduke Francis Ferdinand in 1914.
8.3
Young Turks
Group who overthrew the Ottoman sultan in 1908
8.3
Who led the Islamic reform movement that sprang up in Sudan?
the Mahdi
8.3
Which countries sought to benefit from the show crumbling of the Ottoman Empire.
Britain, France, Russia, and Germany
8.3
What did Muhammad Ali do to strengthen Egypt?
instituted political and economic reforms
8.3
What was the result of the nationalist refolt that erupted in Egypt in 1882?
Britain made Egypt a protectorate.
8.3
How did the discovery of oil in Iran affect imperialist interests in the region.
Britian and Russia maneuvered for control of the the oil fields.
8.4
Cash Crop
Product that can be sold on the world market.
8.4
East India Company
Controlled 3/5 of India by the mid-1800s
8.4
Indian National Congress
Group that supported self-rule and continued western-style modernization.
8.4
Muslim League
Formed in 1906 to pursue a separate Musilm state
8.4
Ram Mohun Roy
Hailed as the founder of Indian nationalism
8.3
Mahdi
Led a resistance to British expansion in the Sudan
8.4
Although the East India Company improved roads in India, their main goal was to...
...make money
8.4
One of the causes that led to the Sepoy rebellion was...
...a law that allowed Hindus to remarry
8.4
Britain transformed Indian agriculture by...
...pushing farmers to grow cash crops.
8.4
Ram Mohun Roy revived pride in Hindu culture by...
...setting up learned societies.
8.4
Indian exposure to European ideas resulted in...
...a move toward nationalism.
9.2
Emilio Aguinaldo
Led Filipino nationalist struggle. When he was captured, the other Filipions gave up, too.
8.4
Chulalongkorn
Modernized Thailand between 1868 and 1910
9.2
French Indochina
French holdings in Southeast Asia. Made of Loas, Cambodia, and Vietnam.
9.2
Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaiian queen overthrown by American planters in 1893
9.2
Britain expanded its empire to Southeast Asia to include...
...Burma and the Malay peninsula.
9.2
Vietnamese officials tried to suppress Christianity by...
...killing converts and French missionaries.
9.2
Thailand remained indepndent partly because its rulers...
...did not underestimate western power.
9.2
Filipino rebels expected the U.S. to recognize their independence because...
...they had helped fight the Spanish
9.2
The industrial powers were first interested in the Pacific islands as...
...supply bases for whaling ships.
9.2
American sugar planters asked the U.S. to annex...
...Hawaii.
9.3
Amritsar
City in northern India in which Indian protesters were massacred by British soldiers.
9.3
civil disobedience
refusal to obey unjust laws
8.1
Sphere of Influence
Area claimed for exclusive investment or trading privileges.
8.1
Overseas expansion was partly a result of manufactures' need for...
...natural resources.
8.1
Closely linked to economic motives for expansion...
...political and military issues.
8.1
Critics charged that colonialism was...
...a tool for the rich.
8.1
One advantage European countries had in their imperial expansion was...
...powerful armies and navies.
8.1
The goal of French colonizations was to...
...impose French culture on their colonies
8.2
Adowa
Ethiopians defeated Italian invaders at this battle.
8.2
Sierra Leone
Colony for freed slaves. (British)
8.2
The _________ was set off by a discovery of gold.
Boer War
8.2
David Livingstone
Best-known explorer/missionary of Africa.
8.2
Imported modern weapons to Ethiopia.
Menelik II
8.2
Why did westerners in the early 1800s call Africa the "dark continent"?
They knew very little about the land
8.2
WHy did Christian missionary groups follow explorers to Africa?
To win souls to Christianity
8.2
Why was the Berlin Conference held?
To avoid bloodshed between rival European powers.
8.2
Which European country gained holdings the size of the continental US (in Afica)?
France.
Why was Ethiopia able to maintain its independence when attacked by Italy?
It had been modernized.
5.3
Genocide
A deliberate attpemt to destory an entire religious or ethnic group
8.3
Muhammad Ali
Ambitious soldier who introduced economic reforms in Egypt
8.3
Suez Canal
Waterway that links the Mediterranean and Red Seas.
5.2
Florence Nightingale
Army nurse in the Crimean War; insisted on better hygiene in field hospitals. (American)
5.2
Louis Pasteur
Developed vaccine for rabies. (French)
5.2
Why did populations soar between 1800 and 1900?
The death rate fell.
5.2
Why were hospitals in the 1800s considered dangerous places?
The risk of infection was high
5.2
Why did London and Paris invest in new sewer systems?
To combat epidemics of cholera and tuberculosis.
5.2
What were living conditions in the slums like?
Harsh and crowded
5.2
What happened to the standard of living for workers in the western world as a result of industrialization?
The standard of living improved
5.3
John Dalton's theory that showed different kinds of atoms combine to make all chemical substnaces.
Atomic theory
5.3
Model in the 1800s that idealized women and the home
Cult of domesticity
5.3
Belief that one racial group is superior to another
Racism
5.3
Ideas that applied the theory of survival of the fittest to war and economic competition.
Social Darwinism
5.3
Movement that urged Christains to social service
Social gospel
5.3
Votes for women
Women's suffrage
5.3
As social values changed, the notion of "falling in love" was...
...more accepted than ever before.
5.3
The women's suffrage movent made faster strides in...(places)
...New Zealand, Australia, and the western United States.
5.3
Reflecting the new industrialization, universities in the late 1800s added courses in...
...the sciences.
5.3
The Salvation Army was formed partly in responce to...
...the social gospel movement.
8.1
Colonial rule practiced by Britain...
...indirect rule.
8.1
Colonial rule practiced by France.
Direct Rule
8.1
Protectorate
Colonial rule where local rulers were left in place.
8.1
Imperialism
Domination by one country of the political life of another country.
Bessemer Process
Operation that produces steel by purifying iron ore
Corporation
Business owned by many investors who buy shares of stock
Gottlieb Daimler
Used a gas-powered engine to power first automobile (German)
Thomas Edison
Made 1st electic light bulb. (American)
interchangable parts
Identical components that can be used in place of one another
5.1
Two countries that thurst their way to industrial leadership were:
Germany and the United States
5.1
The assembly line was one new development that made...
...production faster and cheaper
5.1
The marriage of science and industry...
...spurred economic growth
5.1
One example of a new invention that changed communications is...
...the telephone
5.1
One reason a group of corperations would form a cartel was to...
...set production quotas
5.2
Robert Koch
Doctor that identified the bacteria that caused tuberculosis. (German)
Joseph Lister
Surgeon that insisted other surgeons wash their hands before operating.
5.2
Joseph Lister
Surgeon that insited that other surgeons wash thier hands before operating. (English)
5.2
William Morton
Introduced anesthesia to relieve pain during surgery.

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