Large Animal - Sheep & Goats
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- What is a mature male sheep called?
- Ram
- What is a mature female sheep called?
- Ewe
- What is a newborn sheep called?
- Lamb
- What is a young female sheep called?
- Ewe
- What is a young male sheep called?
- Ram
- What is a castrated male sheep called? Castrated male goat?
- They are both wethers
- What is mature male goat called?
- Buck
- What is a mature female goat called?
- Doe
- What is a newborn goat called?
- Kid
- What is a young male goat called?
- Buck
- What is a young female goat called?
- Doe
- What is the normal temp for a sheep?
- 100.9-103.8 (102.3)
- What is a normal pulse for a sheep
- 70-80 bpm
- What is a normal resp rate for a sheep?
- 12-20 rpm
- What is a normal temp for a goat?
- 101.7-105.3 (103.8)
- What is a normal pulse for a goat?
- 70-80 bpm
- What is a normal resp rate for a goat?
- 12-20 rpm
- Which has a strong flock instinct, sheep or goats?
- Sheep - goats are more independent
- Where are the scent glands on a sheep?
- On their feet
- Where are the scent glands on a goat?
- On their head
- Which may have beards and/or waddles, sheep or goats?
- Goats
- Which has a stong musk smell, rams or bucks?
- Bucks
- Which appear to be more intelligent, sheep or goats?
- goats
- It has been said that a sick sheep ______ where as a sick goat_______.
- Sheep dies, goat may be OK
- Three methods of sheep/goat restraint
- "tip-up", back against wall or corner, small chutes
- When is puberty in sheep & goats?
- 6-16 months based on how late in the spring the animal is born
- When is the breeding season for sheep & goats?
- Fall
- What type of heat cycle do sheep and goats have?
- Seasonally polyestrus
- What is the length of the estrus cycle in sheep and goats?
- 17-21 days
- What is the length of heat in sheep & goats?
- 1-3 days
- What are the signs of heat in sheep and goats?
- None - only apparent to the ram/buck
- Bucks, not rams, have a strong _______ during breeding season which helps bring the does in to heat.
- scent
- Describe the "flushing" method of breeding
- Feed extra food to thin ewes prior to breeding season, they then ovulate more eggs
- Describe the "tagging" method of breeding?
- Clip wool from around vulva prior to breeding season
- What is the gestation length in sheep & goats?
- 150 days
- What is parturition called in sheep? In goats?
- lambing, kidding
- In what season are lambs and kids born?
- Spring
- How many offspring are desired per pregnancy in sheep & goats?
- 2-3 lambs/kids
- What is "crutching"?
- clipping the wool around the vulva before lambing
- What is a "lambing jug"?
- A 4x4 pen where parturition happens and allows bonding between ewe and lamb
- What three things are vital in care of newborn lamb/kid?
- make sure it is breathing, dip umbilicus in iodine, make sure it gets colostrum w/i 15 hours
- What are 4 methods of fostering orphan lambs?
- Slime grafting, skin grafting, wet grafting, fostering pen
- Describe slime grafting?
- Use fresh placenta from foster ewe to cover orphan - fools ewe into accepting lamb as hers
- Describe skin grafting
- If foster ewe has just lost a lamb, use skin of dead lamb to cover orphan lamb
- Describe wet grafting
- orphan lamb and ewe's lamb placed in salt water - now they both smell the same
- Describe a fostering pen
- Place foster ewe in a head gate in pen and put her lamb and orphan lamb both in w/ her. Theory is that she will eventually accept both as hers
- What is the primary cause of dystocia in sheep and goats?
- 2 lambs/kids in birth canal at the same time
- When are lambs/kids weaned?
- 4-5 months (earlier, really)
- What are the 5 primary components of sheep/goat nutrition?
- roughage, carbs, protein, vitamins & minerals, water
- No other class of animal is as well adapted to ________ as sheep and goats.
- grazing
- From what do sheep and goats get vitamins and minerals in their diet?
- top dressing/salt licks
- How much water does a sheep/goat need daily?
- 1 gallon
- In general, white face sheep are for ____ production and dark faced sheep are for ______ production.
- White - wool, dark - meat
- _____% of sheep at slaughter are lambs or yearlings
- 95%
- Name the three methods of sheep production
- farm flock method, range method, feedlot
- Describe the sheep production method of farm flock
- primarily a market lamb production - up to 300 sheep
- Describe the range method of production for sheep
- vy large flocks rotated over very large grazing area, flock has own shepherd, is the most common method of sheep production
- Describe the Feedlot method of sheet/goat husbandry
- buy lambs and thin sheep to fatten for slaughter
- 3 production types for goats
- dairy, angora, meat
- How much milk does a dairy goat avg in a day?
- 3-4 quarts
- How frequently are dairy goats milked?
- 2x/day, 12 hours apart
- For how many days does a dairy goat lactate?
- 300 days
- Angora goats are native to_______
- Turkey
- When are sheep sheered?
- Once a year in the spring, often prior to lambing
- What is the purpose of foot trimming in sheep & goats? The exterior wall is trimmed level to what?
- prevent lameness, trimmed level to frog
- What is drenching?
- deworming for internal parasites - tank of dewormer on back w/ hose to "gun"
- What is dipping?
- controls ectoparasites - done after sheering after cuts heal
- s/g dz - cause:poxvirus, signs:swollen, crusty sores on mouth, lips and tongue, prev: live vax admin by scarification, ZOONOTIC (dz AND vax), causes Orf in people
- Contagious ecthyma
- s/g dz - cause: Corynebacterium, signs: lymph nodes enlarged and filled w/ cheesy pus, is contagious, prev: vax gives patical protection - vax site may abscess
- Caseous lymphadenitis
- Goat dz - cause: virus, signs: encephalitis in young goats, arthritis in older, prev: none - blood test to detect and then cull infected
- CAE - Caprine arthritis and encephalitis
- s/g dz - cause: Chlamydia, sign: abortion storm, prev: vax
- Vibriosis
- Sheep dz - cause: Campylobacter sp., sign: abortion storms, prev: vax
- EAE - Enzootic abortion of ewes
- sheep dz - Cause: virus, signs: mastitis, chronic pneumonia, prev: no vax, test & cull
- OPP - Ovine progressive pneumonia
- dz - cause: Bacillus anthraces, signs: sudden death, blood from all orifices upon death, prev: vaccine, Zoonotic: YES *DO NOT NECROPSY (spores)*
- Anthrax
- s/g dz - cause: foot and mouth virus, signs: watery blisters on corneal band and mouth, prev: test and cull, is reportable
- Foot and Mouth dz
- dz - Cause: rabies virus, two forms furious and dumb
- rabies
- dz - cause: brucella abortus bacteria, signs: females-late term abortions, males-orchitis, prev: vax, ZOONOTIC
- Brucellosis
- dz - cause: Clostridium chauvei, sign: causes damage to skeletal mucscle, prev: vax
- blackleg
- dz - cause: Clostridium septicum, sign: causes damage to skeletal muscle, prev: vax
- malignant edema
- dz - cause: Clostridium novyi, signs liver damamge, prev: vax
- black dz
- dz - cause: Clostridium perfringens, often happens when changing from milk to feed, signs: bloody diarrhea
- hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
- dz - cause: Clostridium tetani, signs: sawhorse stance, stiffness, seizures, prev: vax
- tetanus
- s/g dz - cause: unknown, may be a prion, extremely long (years) incubation period, related to BSE in cattle, signs: CNS signs, intense itching, ataxia, tremors, microscopic holes eaten in brain, always fatal, prev: cull affected sheep
- Scrapie
- At what age are s/g castrated?
- 2 weeks
- 5 castration methods
- bite off, burdizzo, elastrator bands, emasculator, knife
- At what age are tails docked?
- 2 weeks
- 2 tail docking methods
- elastrator, hot "chisel"
- At what age are s/g disbudded?
- best at 3 days of age
- what method is used for disbudding s/g
- hot iron used to burn tissue around horn buds
- method for descenting bucks
- use hot iron to burn two addtl holes .5" caudomedial to horn buds - destroys scent glands at base of horn
- sheep parasite - hairy, blood-sucking, wingless fly, habitat: wool/skin, signs: irritation/anemia
- Sheep Ked
- sheep parasite that is a cysticercoid of a canine tapeworm, habitat: CNS of sheep, signs: giddiness/blindness/ataxia
- Sheep Gidworm
- describe sheep jugular blood draw
- tip up, lay head to side, hold off vein w/ one hand and stick w/ other
- describe goat jugular draw
- straddle back and stretch head up to expose vein
- locations for s/g IM injections
- inside of thigh or tricep area
- locations for SQ injections on s/g
- Adults - high on neck or behind shoulder, young - neck/brisket area
- Area for percutaneous inj on s/g - what used for?
- wooless area under tail or inside ear, used for Contagious ecthyma
- location of intraperitoneal inj on s/g - what used for?
- caudal midline on abdomen - used to rehydrate sick lambs