Endocrine Hormones
Terms
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- Thyroxine
- Thyroid, raises basal metabolic rate
- Calcitonin
- Thyroid, opposes parathormone, lowers Ca concentration
- Parathormone
- Parathyroid, opposes calcitonin, raises Ca concentration
- Insulin
- Islets of Langerhans in Pancreas, lowers blood sugar concentration, opposes glucagon
- Glucagon
- Islets of Langerhans in Pancreas, raises blood sugar concentration, opposes insulin
- Adrenaline
- Adrenal medulla, fight or flight
- Aldosterone
- Adrenal cortex, steroid, controls Na and K ion concentrations
- Cortisol
- Adrenal cortex, steroid, prevents excessive immune response
- Androgens
- Adrenal cortex, steroid, sexual development in men
- Melatonin
- Pineal body, hydroxy-indol, sexual development in mammals, circadian rhythms
- Oestrogen
- Ovaries, steroid, sexual development in females
- Progesterone
- Ovaries, steroid, menstrual cycle and pregnancy
- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Anterior pituitary, causes thyroid to secrete thyroxine
- Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
- Anterior pituitary, causes increased activity in Adrenal cortex
- Growth hormone (GH)
- Anterior pituitary, stimulates growth
- Prolactin
- Anterior pituitary, causes mammary glands to secrete milk
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Anterior pituitary, glycoprotein, controls testes and ovaries
- Luteinising hormone (LH)
- Anterior pituitary, glycoprotein, controls testes and ovaries
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- Posterior pituitary, reabsorption of water in kidneys
- Oxytocin
- Posterior pituitary, contraction of uterus during labor, cuddle hormone
- Thymosin and Thymulin
- Thymus, may make T-cells as part of immune response
- Diabetes mellitus Type 1
- Pancreas not producing insulin, usual onset during childhood, cells glucose starved
- Addison's Disease
- Decrease activity of adrenal cortex, weight loss, low blood pressure, general weakness, death from heart failure
- Cushing Syndrome
- Overactive adrenal cortex, obesity, high blood sugar, high blood pressure, weakening of bones
- Goiter
- Swelling of thyroid from iodine deficiency
- Hyperthyroidism
- Overproduction of thyroxine in thyroid, high body temperature, increased heart and metabolic rates, speedy, bug-eyed, high blood pressure, weight loss
- Hypothyroidism
- Underproduction of thyroxine in thyroid, low metabolic rate and body temperature, lack of energy, weight gain, goiter
- Cretinism
- Hypothyroidism in children, dwarfism, mental retardation
- Tetany
- Underproduction of parathyroid hormone, violent muscle spasms, drop in calcium levels in blood
- Diabetes mellitus Type 2
- Cell receptors for insulin damaged, impaired glucose uptake, cells starve, adult onset usually
- Hypoglycemia
- Excess insulin or low blood sugar, cells starved from glucose deficiency, lethargy, dizziness, nervousness, overactivity, coma, death
- Hyperglycemia
- Low insulin or excess blood sugar, nausea, rapid breathing, circulatory and nervous system failure, diabetic coma, death