Bio 3 Test
Terms
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- each gene makes a...
- protein
- a gene is a region of the DNA on a...
- chromosome
- Humans have about how many genes
- 30,000
- Where a gene is located does not determine its...
- function
- Every gene's location on a chromosome is...
- fixed
- How many chromosomes do humans have?
- 46
- Of the 46 chromosomes, 44 are in (22 pairs) of called...
- autosomes
- Autosomes do not determine...
- SEX
- humans have how many sex chromosomes?
- Two
- females have what kind of sex chromosomes?
- Two Xs
- A males sex chromosomes are...
- One X and One Y
- The Y chromosome has very few genes on it, but it has a critical gene on it called....
- SRY
- The SRY gene causes what to form on the embryo?
- testes
- What hormone do the testes secrete?
- testosterone
- What does testosterone cause the embryo to do?
- develop a male
- If there is no SRY gene or it is inactive, what forms in the embryo?
- ovaries
- Occasionally a female will have XY chromosomes because the SRY gene is what?
- inactive
- Sometimes a male will have two XX chromosomes because one X chromosome gained a...
- SRY gene
- Abnormally having whole extra sets of chromosomes is called
- polyploidy
- To have three extra sets of chromosomes instead of two
- triploid
- A human with three extra sets of chromosomes (triploid) will...
- die (it's lethal for humans)
- Species other than humans with three extra sets of chromosomes (triploid) cannot what?
- reproduce (they are sterile or a source of seedless fruit)
- if something is missing a single chromosome it is called
- aneuploid
- aneuploid (a missing single chromosome) is caused by...
- meiosis problems
- When two chromosomes go to the same pole instead of opposite poles during meiosis what is caused
- aneuploidy
- aneuploidy is bad because gene numbers are out of...
- balance
- The red and green color receptor genes are located on which chromosome?
- X
- When the red and green color receptor genes are inactivated what happens?
- various forms of color blindness
- The blue receptor is located on an ...
- autosome chromosome
- The blue receptor is rarely
- affected
- Hemophilia describes a problem when blood
- does not clot
- Normally blood clots when exposed to air due to...
- clotting proteins
- Genes for clotting proteins are located on which chromosome?
- X
- When genes for clotting proteins are inactivated, what happens?
- blood doesn't clot and person can bleed to death.
- list four examples of sex chromosome aneuploidies
- 1. XXY 2. XO 3. XYY 4. XXX
- The XXY sex chromosome aneuploid is called...
- Klinefelter's syndrome
- Someone with Klinefelter's syndrome is...
- male with feminized features
- The XO sex chromosome aneuploid is called...
- Turner's syndrome
- Someone with Turner's syndrome is...
- a female with no ovaries and is sterile
- characteristics of an XYY sex chromosome aneuploidy include:
- male, with slight problems: acne, reduced intelligence, tall
- characteristics of an XXX sex chromosome aneuploidy include:
- female, normal (but XXXX, etc is retarded)
- autosomal (non-sex chromosomes)aneuploidies occur, but Most (those where one chromosome is missing) die when?
- before birth
- Down's Syndrome is a result of and
- autosomal aneuploidy
- an autosomal aneuploid that demonstrates 3 copies of chromosome 21 is...
- Down syndrome
- 4 characteristics of a Down Syndrome individual
- 1 survives to adulthood 2. mentally retarded 3. heart defects 4. characteristic appearances
- The most common form of mental retardation is ...
- down syndrome
- older mothers or fathers produce more aneuploid babies than their younger counterparts?
- mothers
- older males or females have no effect on reproducing aneuploid babies.
- males
- name two structural changes in chromosomes
- inversions and translocations.
- creating a structural change means breaking a chromosome, which often means destroying a gene necessary for...
- life
- chromosomes with structural changes often have trouble completing
- meiosis
- trouble with meiosis results in
- aneuploid gametes
- what kind of Down's Syndrome is inherited?
- translocational Down's
- what causes translocational Down Syndrome?
- translocation involving chromosome 21
- Genes on the X chromosome are sex-
- linked
- Genes on any chromosome other than the Xs are called...
- autosomal
- The X chromosomes have many genes like other chromosomes. The Y however, has...
- few genes
- Males with only one X chromosome express every allele on their
- X chromosome, whether dominant or recessive
- The Y chromosome has very few...
- genes
- Because females have two X chromosomes, recessive mutant alleles are usually covered up by
- dominant normal alleles
- Sex-linked traits are more common in males or females?
- males
- Name the 3 color receptors in our eyes
- red, green, blue
- If blood doesn't clot someone could...
- bleed to death
- Sons get their Y chromosome from their father and their X chromosome from their
- mother
- daughters get X chromosomes from which parent(s)?
- both mother and father
- sons do not get X chromosomes from which parent?
- father
- the offspring of a cross depend on the sexes of the mutant and normal...
- parents
- If a color blind male and normal female cross will offspring be colorblind?
- no, they will all be normal but females will carry the trait
- If females carry the colorblind trait they are called
- heterozygotes
- heterozygotes are carriers of
- a recessive gene
- if a normal male crosses with a colorblind female will the male offspring be colorblind?
- yes
- if a normal male and a colorblind female cross, will the female offspring be colorblind?
- no, but they will be carriers (heterozygotes)
- some traits are not sex-linked but rather sex-
- influenced
- sex- influenced traits are not located on this chromosome...
- X
- Male patern baldness is a sex-linked or sex influenced trait?
- sex-influenced
- If an offspring receives a bald allele from both the father and the mother, will it be bald?
- Yes, no matter what sex. The offspring is homozygous
- If an offspring is heterozygous for male pattern baldness will they be bald?
- Only if the offspring is male. Females will have normal hair.