Microbiology /c Diseases by Taxonomy, Chapter 11 and 6
Terms
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- bacilli
- rods
- coccus
- round
- coccobacilli
- oval
- vibrios
- curved in shape
- spirilla
- spring like
- bacterial grouping
- arrangement of grouping
- bacterial morphology
- bacterial shape; actual shape of bacteria
- AUTOTROPHS
- microbs that obtain their carbon from CO2
- HETEROTROPHS
- microbs that obtain their carbon from other organic molecules; like sugar, proteins and fats. (hetero = same, think they get it from others).
- PHOTOTROPHS
- get their energy from light
- CHEMOTROPHS
- energy from other chemicals
- PSYCHROPHILES
-
COLD LOVING
-5 to 15 C - MESOPHILES
-
25 to 45 C
humans at 37 C - THERMOPHILES
- 50 to 60 C
- EXTREME (HYPER) THERMOPHILES
-
70 to 115
hot springs at Yellowstone - THERMODURING ORGANISM
- mesophiles; that can withstand higher temps for short periods of time. FOOD POISENING ISSUES.
- ACIDOPHILES
- 1 --> 5 pH
- Obligate Acidophiles can not survive in what pH.?
- above 7.0 pH
- NEUTROPHILES
- 5.5 --> 8 pH
- ALKALIPHILES
- 7.5 --> 12 pH
- HALOPHILES
- salt loving microbs
- most bacteria like what % of salt?
- 2%
- PLASMOLYSIS
- membrane breaks; bacterial cells collapse, drawing plasma membrane out from wall, shinking will occure.
- other nutrients of microbes?
- Nitrogen, Sulfer
- OBLIGATE AEROBES
- must use O2 in final e- transport chain
- OBLIGATE ANAEROBES
- will die in O2
- MICROAEROPHILES
- require O2, but not 100% (only 2 to 10%)
- FACULTATIVE ANAEROBES
- can maintain life aerobicly or via fermintation; metabolic efficenty is reduced if via fermintation
- AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBES
- do not use O2; but can tolarate O2 enviroment
- ENRICHMENT CULTURE
- one grown on a medium, usually liquid, that has been supplemented to encourage the growth of a given type of organism.
- GENERATION TIME
- The time required for a given population to double in size. This time can be as short as 20 minutes or as long as a week.
- Phases of Growth
-
Lag phase: do not reproduce but actively senthisize enzymes
Log Phase: population increases rapidly
Stationary Phase: numbers of dying cells equal number of cells being produced
Death Phase: nutrients are not being added and waste not being removed - three types of counting techniques:
-
plate count: counting colonies per plate good plate is 30 to 300 colonies
Direct microscopic count: counting on a grid from a slide
turbidity: measuring the cloudyness to measure density of microbes in a broth - disadvantage of plate count method?
- medium must support growth for all organisms in sample: assumes a homogenous dilution
- disadvantage of direct microscopic count?
- motile bacteria are difficult to count. dead cells will be counted
- disadvantage of turbidity
- dead cells are counted. does not work for small numbers of cells