UCO Nsg 2113 Development Through the Lifespan - Toddler - Exam 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- lead
- a type of poisoning common in toddlers
- toddler 18 mo event
- anterior fontanel closes
- toddler nutrition - milk recommended
- 4 servings of 1/2 cup = daily total 16 oz
- toddler general physical growth
- chest = head circumference; 18 mo anterior (top of head) fontanel closes; beginning sphincter control has importance in relation to mylenization of sheath
- Freud anal-urethral pleasure
- elimination, retention
- toddler separation anxiety peaks when?
- in toddler years
- Freud toddler
- first experience with discipline & authority; object relationships to things & people; displaced feelings onto objects or symbols & projected on others (toddler egocentricism - if I feel this way, others must also.
- 18 mo old vocab
- says 10 - 20 words; knows 1 body part - usually "nose"
- toddler milk servings recommended
- 4 1/2 cup servings = 16 oz/day
- If you continually "get rid of anger stamps"...
- you won't cash them in on someone that is undeserving
- routines
- helps children feel more in control of self and environment
- Freud psychoSEXual stage for toddler
- anal-urethral
- Erikson toddler psychoSOCIAL development
- autonomy vs shame & doubt; self control & willpower
- 3 yr old classic word =
- why
- toddler development 12 - 18 mo
- imitates parents; uses spoon but rotates before reaching mouth; removes clothes
- Erikson toddler major crisis would be...
- control
- Piaget toddler intellectual development - preoperational stage characteristics
- egocentric (present in play, thought, behavior), experimentation (language, thought, activities), symbolic thinking (images, words represent world), establishes relationship between experience / action
- Piaget adult reasoning
- induction & deduction
- toddler reasoning / reversibility?
- no concept of reversibility, ie clay ball to snake - can not think of this as a clay ball again
- Freud anal-urethral muscles
- control, inhibition
- toddler teeth
- 16 - 20
- toddler appetite
- slowing down; keep nonnutritious foods out of house
- accidental deaths as a percentage of all deaths for girls 1 - 4 yr old
- 36%
- toddler routine interruption causes
- fear, anxiety, stress
- toddler is struggling with independence but...
- has difficulty making decisions (so limit choices) & dawdles
- ok toddler snacks
- cheese & ham - protein items
- 19 - 24 mo motor skills
- builds tower of 4 cubes; imitates vertical strokes (not horizontal); throws ball overhand (not underhanded which takes more coordination); walks up & down stairs having 2 feet on each step
- toddler play =
- parallel - wants companion beside but not with them - child plays alone before playing with others. Not appropriate / age development to ask toddler to share!
- Piaget toddler intellectual development has...
- no knowledge transfer (from one experience to another: electric socket example), poor sense of time / clock, expresses views of world through drawings, language, dreams; short attention span; easily distracted
- average age for bowel control / sphincter control
- 18 mo
- fluoride
- preventive dental substance in trreated water & toothpaste
- iron deficiency
- nutritional problem often found in toddlers
- despair
- stage of separation anxiety - passive, depressed, & regressive behaior
- toddler anticipatory guidance
- separation anxiety, independence, discipline, regression, toilet training, immunizations, accidents
- toddler nutrition
- slowed growth & appetite; cup & finger foods
- toddler play
- egocentric, short attention span, parallel
- deduction reasoning
- general to particular; global to specific
- toddler bodily injury & pain behaviors
- negativism ("no" answers; adults need to decrease questions/comments that can be answered with "no"), regression, temper tantrums (watch out for child's safety)
- toddler binocular vision
- 15 mo
- Toddler characteristics
- egocentric, possessive, self-centered, demanding, negativistic, limits frustrate, frustrates easily, wants to please but need to be taught how
- toddler health problems
- few except upper respiratory infections (major item is runny/snoddy nose)
- toddler bread servings
- 4 small
- Piaget toddler - magical thinking
- reorganizes picture of the world, no concept of reversibility (eg ball of clay), imaginary companions
- drawings will tell you alot about how child feels / fears. Then
- you can start interventions
- Girls death rate per 100,000 for all accidental deaths`
- 17.5
- protest
- stage of separation anxiety - verbal cries & attacks with clinging behavior to parent
- toddler stage
- preoperational - pre-reason; object permanence complete
- Erickson - shame is...
- self-consciousness, embarrassment, smallness, wanting to hide; something unacceptable about feelings, thoughts or actions
- toddler nutrition - vegetables, fruits
- 4 small portions
- infant play =
- solitary
- egocentric
- a term used to refer to child's view of himself
- toddler separation anxiety stages
- Protest, Despair, Detachment
- toddler hospitalization
- routines important, play with puzzles, books, pull toys, meds as oral (syringe, cup), meds IM (vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal), fears of separation, loss of control, injury, pain
- 12 - 18 mo motor skills
- scribbles spontaneously, builds tower of 2 cubes, kicks balls, walks up stairs, opens drawers & doors
- 19 - 24 mo personal-social & language development
- dresses self; washes & dries hands; helps with simple tasks; combines words; names 1 picture (every animal in a picture book is called the same animal); follows 2 - 3 directions
- toddler virtues
- self-control & willpower
- shame
- feeling of embarrassment, dirtiness, smallness & wanting to hide
- Toddler developmental tasks
- autonomy: differentiate self from people and things; tolerate separation; control impulses; sex role distinction (man, woman, Mom, Dad); physiological state (water % change - born ~90%, toddler - adult ~60%water); enculturation - doing things the way family does them
- toddler chest
- = head circumference
- 24 mo old vocab / language
- 100 word vocab; 2 - 3 word sentences; uses pleural & pronouns; names 1 picture; follows 2 - 3 directions; does simple tasks & errands; begins to imitate; telegraphic speech ie uses the minimum # of words
- Toddler doubt results in...
- hesitation, question of actions
- toddler routines promote
- sense of control, security, predictability
- toddler beginning sphincter control
- 18 mo bowel; 2-3 yr day bladder; 3-4 yr night bladder
- three yr old
- latest age at which child should start seeing dentist
- toddler 19 - 24 mo motor skills
- builds tower of 4 cubes, imitates vertical strokes; throws overhand, walks up & down stairs
- toddler anticipatory guidance
- separation anxiety, independence, dicipline, regression, toilet trainnig, immunizations
- toddler dentist
- start no later than 3 yr old
- accidental deaths as a percentage of all deaths for boys 1 - 4 yr old
- 41%
- doubt
- fear, mistrust, lack of self confidence, & a feeling that one is not in control but is being controlled by others
- poisoning
- health problem for toddlers
- toddler separation anxiety - DETACHMENT
- resignation; "superficial adjustment" ; appears interested in surroundings, happy, friendly
- time factor starts at about 6 yr old
- should equate time with activities or events - not clock time
- toddler basic virtues
- willpower & self-control
- toddler compensatory play
- doing in make-believe what is forbidden in reality
- Erickson toddler autonomy
- self control, good will, pride; "me do it"
- Erickson central psychosocial task
- ability to withstand delayed gratification (learn to wait)
- reason
- meaning of "operational"
- 2 - 3 yr old motor development
- climbs & jumps well; pounds pegs in pegboard; copies cross & circle but cannot do square; builds tower of 8 cubes; balances on 1 foot; goes up & down steps using alternate feet
- toddler Vital Signs (V.S.) - 2 yr
- BP = 95/61; P = 110; R = 27
- toddler nutrition - breads
- 4 small amounts
- separation
- a fear during toddlerhood
- parallel
- type of play for the toddler
- more toddler characteristics
- traditional & ritualistic peaks at 2 1/2, routine is essential until school age so they know what to expect, favorite word = "no", separation from parents - needs contact with adults, actively explores (so accident prone), needs accident prevention
- otitis media
- common infectious health problem for toddlers
- animism
- attributing life to inanimate objects
- toddler teeth
- 16-20
- toddler separation anxiety - PROTEST
- verbal cries for parent, verbal attack on others, physical fighting (kicks, bites, hits, pinches), tries escape to find parent, clings to parent, tries to force parent to stay
- toddler ht
- 2 yr: 4 - 5 in = 34 in 3 yr: 2 - 4 in = 36 in
- transductive reasoning
- particular to particular
- most common accidental mortality cause for 1 - 4 yr olds
- motor vehicle accidents
- milk
- should not receive more than 24 ounces per day
- magical
- type of thinking for the toddler & preschooler
- toddler 3rd yr physical development
- weight 4 - 5 lbs added for total = ~ 30 lbs; height 2 - 4 in for total = ~36 ins.
- transductive
- reasoning from the particular to the particular
- toddler 2nd yr physical development
- weight 4 - 6 lbs added for total = ~26 lbs; height 4 - 5 ins for total = ~ 34 ins.
- Sullivan's radius of significant relationships
- parental persons - both parents involved - tripolar. Toddler needs contact with other sex adult
- spanking toddler is not the best intervention. Rather...
- distractions are needed - unless toddler shows blatent / outright defiance. Questions is "do they understand wrongdoing?"
- average age for bladder control
- 2 - 3 yrs daytime; 3 - 4 yrs nightime
- toddler nutrition related problems
- iron-deficiency anemia; dental caries (if still on bottle it must be water); aspiration; otitis media
- age to wean from bottle
- 12 - 14 months
- control
- major crisis of toddler period
- Erickson - Self control without loss of self-esteem promotes...
- goodwill, pride, autonomy, feeling of "I'm OK"
- Piaget toddler intellectual development - thinking
- global organization of thought, animism, magical thinking, transductive reasoning
- proper control + limits =
- confidence & pride rather than shame & feeling stifled
- 2 conditions necessary for potty training
- mind / willingness and sphincter control
- regression
- reverting to a previous developmental stage of behavior
- toddler Vital Signs (VS) - 3 yr
- BP = 99/65; P = 100; R = 24
- toddler loss of control causes
- physical restriction, loss of routine, loss of rituals, dependency
- considerations for hospitalization of toddler
- routines important; play - puzzles, books, pull toys; meds - oral via syringe, cup; meds - IM (vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal); fears - separation, pain, less control, injury
- age to start seeing dentist
- 3 yr / desidious teeth
- Piaget toddler communication
- pronouns refer to self; gestures (pointing, ideas, feelings, needs); curiosity - wants to learn on simple level
- toddler anxiety recognized as
- anxiety rather than discomfort
- toddler separation
- does not separate easily; transitional objects are important for greater security
- Boys death rate per 100,000 for all accidental deaths
- 25.9
- toddler vegetable & fruit servings
- 4 small
- toddler security objects such as _______________are important
- blankets, teddy bears; should not be pacifers
- toddler protein servings
- 2 - 3 small
- toddler growth compared to infancy
- slowing down
- toddler wt
- 2 yr: 4-6 lbs = 26 lb 3 yr: 4 - 5 lbs = 30 lbs
- 100
- average number of words of a 2 year old's vocabulary
- Erickson toddler self-control promotion is from...
- parental guidance, limit setting ( be consistant)
- climbing
- toddler behavior leading to many accidents
- toddler 19 - 24 mo social & language
- dresses self; washes & dries hands; helps with simple tasks; combines words; names 1 picture; follows 2 - 3 directions
- 1 - 4 yr old mortality from leading accidents
- all types of accidents, MVA, drowning, fires / burns, suffocation, falls, poisoning from solids & liquids more than gases & vapors
- anemia
- health problem for toddlers secondary to inadequate milk intake
- toddler toys
- large cars/trucks, large puzzles, building toys (blocks), pounding toys, books
- drowning
- a major cause of death for toddlers (boys 6.3 & girls 3.2 deaths per 100,000)
- toddler visual acuity
- 20/40
- Erickson toddler primary importance
- anal needs
- anger turned inward is...
- depression
- toddler task
- autonomy vs shame & doubt
- Erickson shame & doubt lead to...
- lack of autonomy & +self concept
- toddler nutrition - protein recommended
- 2 - 3 small portions
- toddler loss of control behaviors
- resistance, physical aggression, verbal uncooperativeness (temper tantrums)
- object permanence
- cognitive process which is finalized by the middle of the 2nd year
- toddler nutrition - milk maximum milk intake
- 24 - 32 oz / day (3 - 4 cups/day)
- Piaget toddler animism
- giving life to inanimate objects; view of things as living and endowed with intention (eg "singing cloud")
- Erickson toddler absence of autonomy, less sense of control, overcontrol leads to...
- doubt & shame, feelings of "badness", "I'm not OK", potential paranoia as adult
- acceptable toys
- large cars/trucks; large puzzles; building toys such as blocks; pounding toys; books
- toddler
- ages 1-3 years or 12 to 36 months
- detachment
- superficial adjustment
- Piaget toddler verbalization
- simple commands; simple prohibitions; simple directions; objects or pictures; simple questions; nursery rhymes; simple short stories
- Erickson toddler task
- autonomy vs shame & doubt
- 2 - 3 yr old personal-social & language development
- dresses with supervision; uses plurals; gives 1st & last name
- Pitaka
- toy - pillow on stick - for dealing with anger / agression
- burns
- major cause of injury for toddlers
- toddler reasoning
- transductive - particular to particular
- abuse
- health problem for toddlers
- toddler accommodation
- 24 mo
- Erickson toddler basic virtues
- self control & willpower
- Erickson - Guilt feeling state results in...
- shame & anger directed against self
- 15 mo old vocab
- says 4 - 6 words; asks by pointing
- induction reasoning
- particular to general
- toddler separation anxiety - DESPAIR
- passive, depressed, disinterested in environment, uncommunicative, regression
- toddlers fears are of
- sudden, strange &/or unexpected events, separation (expect drama/trauma as outcome which may show up as regression), loss of control, physical restriction (does not like to be restrained), loss of routines, loss of rituals, dependency
- MVA
- abbreviation of leading cause of death in children 1 - 5 yr old
- 1st yr of life accidents
- falls, suffocation, aspiration/swallowing foreign materials, drowning, burns, poisoning, motor vehicle accidents
- health risk / problem for toddlers
- accidents
- 12 - 18 mo does...
- imitates parents; uses spoon; removes clothes; says 3 words + mama, dada; knows 1 body part
- toddler personality characteristics
- separation, negativistic, explores, self-assertive, limits frustrate, temper tantrums, security objects
- Erickson - doubt (from lack of control)
- fear, mistrust, less self-confidence, feeling that one is not in control but is controlled by others