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Module 4/Chapter 23/Nervous System/Pathology of the Nervous system

Terms

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Apraxia
Impairment in the ability to perform purposeful acts or to properly use familiar objects
Cephalgia
headache
Concussion
Injury to the brain, as the result of a direct trauma to the head
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain
Huntington's chorea
Hereditary nervous disorder involving bizarre, abrupt, involuntary, dance-like movements
Miningioma
Slow-growing brain tumor, originating in meninges
Neuralgia
nerve pain
ALS
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease)- degenerative disease of the motor neurons with weakness of muscles
CVA
Cerebrovascular accident -- disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain -- also called a stroke
epilepsy
Group of neurologic disorders characterized by recurrent seizures
Hydrocephalus
Abnormally increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain
Multiple sclerosis
Demyelination of the nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord causing tremors, paralysis and speech disturbances
Neuritis
Inflammation of a nerve
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of arms, legs and trunk of the body
Somnambulism
Sleepwalking
Syncope
Fainting spell, a brief loss of consciousness
Tic douloureux
Also called trigeminal neuralgia -- inflammation of the trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve)causing sudden, intense, sharp pain on one side of the face
Alzheimer's disease
Degenerative changes in the brain structure leading to progressive memory loss, impaired thinking and personality changes
Aura
Sensation of a feeling or smell prior to onset of a seizure
Cerebal Infarction
Stroke
Demintia
Mental decline and deterioration
Gait
Manner of walking
Hyperesthesia
Excessive sensitivity to stimuli
Myasthenia gravis
Neuromuscular disorder characterized by relapsing weakness of skeletal muscles
Occlusion
blockage
Paresthesia
Abnormal sensation such as burning, tingling or numbness for no apparent reason
Sciatica
Inflammation of the sciatic nerve that may result in pain along the course of the nerve through the thigh and leg
Spasticity
Uncontrolled contractions of the skeletal muscles
Tetanus
Lockjaw, an acute, often fatal infection of the central nervous system
Tourette's syndrome
Neurological disorder marked by involuntary, spasmmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words
Amnesia
Total or partial inability to recall past experiences
Bell's palsy
Paralysis of the facial nerve that caused dropping of the affected side of the face
Cerebral Palsy
Birth defect characterized by spasticity, athetosis, tremors, loss of muscle tone, impaired speech, vision and hearing
Demyelination
destruction or loss of the myelin sheath from myelinated fibers by a disease process
glioma
malignant brain tumor
Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord
Myelitis
Inflammation of the spinal cord
Paralysis
Loss of power of voluntary movement
Parkinson's disease
Slowly progressive,degenerative, CNS disorder characterized by slowness and rigidity of movement, rhythmic muscular tremors and postural instability
Seizure
Also known as a convulsion -- a sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of a group of muscles caused by a disturbance in brain function
Spina bifida
congenital defect in the spinal column due to imperfect union of the vertebral parts
TIA
Transient ischemic attack -- temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain
Tremor
Involuntary shaking of trembling of the body or any of its parts.
Aneurysm
Abnormal widening of the wall of a blood vessel; can lead to hemorrhage and CVA (stroke)
Causalgia
Burning pain following an injury to a sensory nerve
Coma
State of unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be aroused
Dysphasia
Impairment of speech, usually a result of injury to the speech area of the brain
Hemiplegia
Paralysis of the right or left side of the body
Meningocele
Protrusion of the membrane of the brain or spinal cord through a defect
Narcolepsy
Uncontrollable seizures of drowsiness and/or sleep
Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower half of the body (from the waist down)
Poliomyelitis
Also known as polio, this is a viral infection of the gray matter of the spinal cord that may result in paralysis.
Shingles
Also called herpes zoster -- adult chickenpox
Stroke
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted because of a blocked or ruptured vessel

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