Exer. Sci. Spt. Med. terms
Terms
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- Anatomical Position
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a) standing erect, with palms and feet facing forward
b) the standard reference point in which all positions movements, and planes are described - Anatomical Planes
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a) fixed lines of reference along which the body is often divided or sectioned to facilitate viewing of its structures
b) allow one to obtain a 3D perspective by studying the body from different views - Sagittal Plane
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a) the plane dividing the body into right and left portions
b) midsagittal or median are the names for the plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves - Frontal Plane
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a) the plane dividing the body into front and back portions
b) also called the Coronal plane - Transverse Plane
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a) the horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions
b)also called the horizontal plane - Oblique Plane
- diagonal plane
- Superior
- refers to a structure being closer to the head or highter than another structure in the body
- Inferior
- refers to a structure being closer to the feet or lower than another structure in the body
- Anterior
- refers to a structure being more in front than another structure in the body
- Posterior
- structure being more in back than another structure in the body
- Medial
- a structure being closer to the midline or median plane of the body than another structure of the body
- Lateral
- a structure being farther away from the midline than another structure of the body
- Distal
- situated away from the point of orgin or attachment; farther from root of limb
- Proximal
- situated toward the point of orgin or attachemnt; closer to root of limb
- Superficial
- being at, on, or near the surface
- Deep
- extending far down from the top or surface; close to core
- Ventral
- toward front (usually cavities, inside body)
- Dorsal
- toward back (usually cavities, inside body)
- Prone
- having the front or ventral part downward; lying face downward
- Supine
- lying on the back, face or front upward
- Unilateral
- One side
- Bilateral
- both sides
- Flexion
- bend joint (decrease angle of joint)
- Extension
- straightening a joint (increase angle of joint)
- Hyperextention
- going beyond anatomical position
- Adduction
- moving body parts toward midline
- Abduction
- moving body parts away from midline
- Prontaion
- turning arm/foot downward
- Supination
- turning arm/foot upward
- Retraction
- moving a part backward
- Protraction
- moving a part forward
- Elevation
- raise a part
- Depression
- lower a part
- Rotation
- turning on a single axis
- Circumduction
- tri-planar, circular motion at hip/shoulder
- External Rotation
- rotate hip/shoulder away from midline
- Internal Rotation
- rotate hip/shoulder toward midline
- Lateral Flexion
- side bending left or right
- Inversion
- turning sole inward
- Eversion
- turning sole outward
- Dorsiflexion
- ankle bringing foot towards shin
- Plantarflexion
- ankle pointing foot downward
- Radial Deviation
- wrist toward lateral side
- Ulnar Deviation
- wrist toward medial side
- Opposition
- moving the thumb towards palm
- Acute
- sudden onset or abrupt injury
- Abrasion
- skin is rubbed or scraped away (minor)
- Aerobic
- exercise that requires oxygen (low intensity for long periods of time)
- Acclimatization
- body has to physiologically adapt to an unfamiliar environment (altitude or temperature)
- Amnesia
- loss of memory due to injury, illness, shock, or fatigue
- Anaerobic
- work or excercise not requiring oxygen (quick and intense)
- Analgesic
- agent for reducing pain (asprin)
- Articulation
- where bones meet to form a joint
- Atrophy
- wasting away of organ or tissue
- Avulsion
- tearing or pulling away of part of a structure
- Bursa
- fluid-filled sack at joint that prevents friction
- Bursitis
- inflamation/burst of bursa
- Cartilage
- gristle-like padding that prevents friction and absorbs shock
- Chronic
- long duration or frequent recurrence of pain
- Constriction
- state of being prinched off or smaller than normal
- Contraindicate
- to advise against
- Contralateral
- on opposite side (stroke)
- Contusion
- bruise to a bone or muscle (internal bleeding)
- Crepitus
- crackling sound or feeling
- Cryotherapy
- cold therapy
- Cyanosis
- blue skin from lack of oxygen
- Diagnosis
- name of disease or condition a person is believed to have
- Dilation
- state of being enlarged, opens up
- Dislocation
- complete displacement of a bone from its normal position in a joint
- Ecchymosis
- bleeding visible beneath the skin as a blue or purple patch
- Edema
- swelling due to abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues or cavitites
- Effusion
- swelling in a joint
- Fracture
- a break or crack in a bone
- Hematoma
- swelling composed of blood; internal bleeding associated with a contusion
- Hydrotherapy
- treatment by use of water
- Incision
- a cut made surgically with a sharp knife
- Indicate
- to advise the use of
- Inflammation
- the body's reaction to injury; involves redness, swelling, heat, pain, and sometimes loss of function
- Innervate
- to supply with nerves
- Joint Laxity
- looseness of joint due to loose ligaments
- Laceration
- a jagged cut or tear in the skin
- Ligament
- tissue that connects bone to bone
- Mechanism of Injury
- the circumstance in which an injury occurs; for example, sudden deceleration, wounding by a projectile, or crushing by a heavy object
- Modality
- method or apparatus used for healing an injury
- Palpation
- examination by touch
- Point Tenderness
- pain at the sorest spot of an injury
- Prognosis
- prediciton of the course and end of a disease or eventual outcome of an injury
- Proprioception
- the sense of the body's position in space
- Range of Motion
- movement of a joint around a central point
- Reduction
- to bring back to the normal position
- Referred Pain
- pain that occurs away from the injury site
- Separation
- pulling apart of a generally non-moveable joint
- Shock
- potentially fatal reaction of the body to injury; failure of the cardiovascular system to circulate enough blood to the body
- Sprain
- stretching or tearing of ligaments
- Strain
- stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon
- Subluxation
- incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint
- Tendon
- tissue that connects muscle to bone
- Thermotherapy
- treatment by the use of heat
- Valgus
- distal aspect of limb forced away from the midline (knock-kneed)
- Varus
- distal aspect of limb forced towards the midline (bow legged)
- Vasoconstrictor
- an agent causing the constriction or closing of blood vessels
- Vasodilator
- an agent causeing the dilation or opening of blood vessels