Protozoa/Heminths
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Drugs for Luminal Protozoa
-
Metronidazole
Paromomycin (E. hist, back up for Giardia)
Nitazoxanide (Crypto and Giardia in kids) - Metronidazole
-
Redox reaction in parasites creates radical that dmages DNA
Rabpidly absorped, penetrates CNS
For Giardia, Trich, Amebiasis and for anaerobes
SE N/V, metallic tastes, Disufram reaction with ETOH - Paromomycin
-
Aminoglycoside
Inhibits protein synthesis in ameoba. Also work on Giardia
SE GI and nephrotoxic. CI in renal disease pts - CI for paromomycin
-
Patients with renal disease
Aminoglycoside analog that is very nephrotoxic
Work on E. Histolytica and Giardia - Nitazoaxanide
-
Broads spect anti-parasite that is used mostly for diarrhea in kids
Works on Crypto and Giardia well
GI side effects - Cholorquine
-
Rapid resistence develops by shuttling out the drug
Drug of choice for malaria except in Haii an dCentral America north of panama canal
Long half life, good penetration, given 1 week
SE GI, visual changes, fatigue and confusion. Can exacerbates dermatoses (psoriasis) - Use for cholorquine resistant falciparum
- Qunine, Qunidine
- QUinine
-
Can be combine with doxy or tetracycline or TMP/SMX
SE are cinchonism, hypoglycemia and vasodilation
Increases effects of warfrin, digitalis and NM blockers - Mefloquine
-
To prevent cholorquine resistent malaria
SE GI and NIGHTMARES
CI pts with epilepsy, psychosis
Interacts with beta blockers and may cause death - Two CI too Mefloquine
-
Patients with seizures or psyhcosis
Death in patients on beta blockers for heart condition - Doxycycline
- Prophylaxis for malaria
- Primaquine
-
Kills hypnozie in ovale and vivax
SE Hemolysis in G6PD pates - Malaria drugs that causes hemolysis
- Primaquine in patients with G6P deficiency
- Atovaquone + Proguanil
-
Malaria prophylaxis
Atovaquone also with pyrimethamine for PCP and Toxo
Oral drug, some GI effects - Artemisinin derivatives
-
Works again falciparum resistent to everything else
Not approved in US due to neurotoxicity - Tx Toxo
-
Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine
P is abosorbe slowly, eliminated by liver
S absorbed rapidly, eliminated by kidney
Given together, but not in same pill
SE P: Megalo Anemia, Rash (S-J)
S: Rash, bone marrow suppresion and hepatotoxicity in AIDS patiens - Tranosoma Brucei Gambiense (west african sleeping sickness
-
Eflornithine
Absorbed in GI, penetrates CNS
Every expensive
SE N/V anemia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia reversible with stopping drug - PCP
-
TMP/SMX
Pentamidine - TMP/SMX
-
Give 1:5 ratio for optimal effect
Prophylaxis and treatment of PCP
Many side effects in AIDS patients, teratogenic, S-J syndrome
Thrombocyotpenia if taking thiazides, bleeding with warfarin, lowered phenytoin - Three drug interactions iwth TMP/SMX
-
Thrombocytopenia with thiazides
Bleeding with Warfarin
Lowered levels of phenytoin - Pentamadine
-
Given IV or inhaled
Works on PCP, Sleeping sickness, Leishmanisis
SE Hypotension, tachycardia, hypoglycemia (attacks beta cells) and blood discrasias - Nematodes
-
Albendazole
Pyrantel Pamoate
Ivermectin
Dethycarbamazine - Albendazole
-
Depletes glycogen in parasite
Take with a fatty meal, and give with dexamethasone
Single does for worms
Aso for neurocysticercosis and giardia - How to increases the absorption of albendazole
- Give with fatty meal and dexamethasone
- Pyrantel Pamoate
-
NM block of parasites
For enterobiasis, ascariasis, but NOT wipworm
Not well absorbed
SE GI and headache
Antagonize piperazine, another worm drug - Ivermectin
-
DOC for Strongyloides, Onchocerciasis (river)
SE Itching, lymph nodes, dizziness - Diethylcarbamazine
-
For lymphatic filarisis an dLoa Loa
Put in table salt in endemic areas
Mazzotti reaction: pruritis, fever, hypotension, facial edema and eosinophilia
Also Eye side effects - Mazzotti reaction
- Pruritis, fever, hypotension, facial edema and eosinophilia when using Diethylcarabmazine for Nematodes
- Flukes and Tape worms
-
Praziquantel
Paralyzes worm so body can fight it
SE headache, dizziness, malaise - Ectoparasites
- Permethrin, Lindane amd Diethyltoluamide
- Permethrin
-
Killes head lice, ticks, fleads mites
Used in clothes and bed nets to limit mosquito bites
Causes erythema, numbness, tinglin and rash in 1-2% - Lindane
-
Lotion for Tx of scabies
Convulsions if injested - Tx for scabies
- Lindane
- Diethyltoluamide
-
DEET
Encephalopathy with high application in small kids -
Primaquine
Pyrimethamine
Pentamidine
Praziquantel
Permethrin -
Primaquine - Malaria
Pyrimethamine - w/ sulfadiazine for Toxo
Pentamidine - PCP
Pyrantel Pamoate - Nematodes
Praziquantel - Flukes and Cestodes
Permethrin - Insect repelant