Biology Ch.10
Terms
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- genes
- DNA unit that controls inherited traits
- homologous chromosomes
- chromosomes that make up a pair, one from each parent; caries genes for specific traits
- haploid
- cell with n number of chromosomes
- fertilization
- process by which one haploid gamete combines with another
- diploid
- cell with 2n number of chromosomes
- meiosis
- reduction division process, occurring only in reproductive cells, in which one diploid(2n) cell produces four haploid(n) cells that are not genetically identical
- gametes
- sex cells that have 1/2 the number of chromosomes that can combine with another to produce a fertilized egg
- crossing over
- process during which chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes
- genetics
- the science of heredity
- allele
- alternative form of a single gene passed from generation to generation
- dominant
- the form of trait that apears in the F1 generation
- recessive
- the form of trait that was masked in the F1 generation
- homozygous
- organism with 2 of the same alleles for a particular trait
- heterozygous
- organism with 2 different allels for a particular trait
- genotype
- organisms allel pairs
- phenotype
- observable characteristis or outward expression of an allele pair
- law of segregation
- states that the 2 allels for each trait separate during meiosis
- hybrids
- heterozygous organisms
- law of independent assortment
- states that a random distridution of allels occures during gamete formation
- genetic recombination
- new combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment
- polypoidy
- the occurrence of one or more extra sets of all chromosomes in an organism