Anatomy and Physiology Lab

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Terms

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Anterior/Posterior Assuming the person is in the anatomical position

Front/back
In humans, the most anterior structures are those that are the most forward

The face, chest, abdomen

Posterior structures are those toward the backside of the body

The spine, i

Cephalad (cranial)/Caudal More absolute

Toward the head/toward the tail
In humans, used interchangeably with superior/inferior
In quadrupeds, they are synonymous with anterior and posterior, respectively

Dorsal body cavity Cranial cavity Spinal cavity

Dorsal: can be subdivided into cranial and vertebral/spinal cavities

Cranial - encloses the brain
Vertebral/spinal - spinal cord is protected by the bon

Dorsal/ventral More absolute

Backside/bellyside
In humans, these terms are used interchangeably with posterior/anterior, respectively
In quadrupeds, these terms are used interchageably with inferior and superior, respectively

Frontal/coronal plane

Divides the body/organ into anterior or posterior parts

Medial/lateral Assuming the person is in the anatomical position

Toward the midlin/away from midline or median plane
The sternum is medial to the ribs
The ear is lateral to the nose

Proximal/Distal More absolute

Nearer the trunk or attached end/Farther from the trunk or point of attachment
The fingers are distal to the elbow
The knee is proximal to the toes

Sagittal plane Midsagittal plane Parasaggital plane

Sagittal plane: a plane that runs longitudinally and divides the body into right and left parts. If it divides the body into equal parts, right down the median plane of the body, it is called a median, or midsagittal

Serosa (serous membrane) Parietal serosa Visceral serosa Peritoneum Pleura Pericardium

Serosa - a thin, double-layered membrane that covers the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains

Parietal - lines the cavity walls
Visceral - covers the external surface of the organs w

Superior/Inferior Assuming the person is in the anatomical position

Above/below
Nose is superior to the mouth
Abdomen is inferior to chest

Transverse plane Cross section

Runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

When organs are sectioned along the transverse plane, the sections are commonly called cross sections

Ventral body cavity Thoracic body cavity Abdominopelvic body cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity

Ventra body cavity is subdivided into:

Superior thoracic cavity - separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by the diaphragm. Contains heart and lungs.
Inferior abdominopelvic cavity:

Abdominal

Pertaining to the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs

Abdominopelvic quadrants

Named according to their relative position

Right upper
Right lower
Left upper
Left lower

The terms left and right refer to the left and right of the figure, not your own. The left and right of the figur

Abdominopelvic regions

Umbillical
Epigastric
Hypogastric (pubic)
Illiac/inguinal
Lumbar
Hypochondriac

Acromial

Pertaining to the point of the shoulder

Anatomical Position

A universally accepted standard position
Human body is erect
Feet only slightly apart
Head and toes pointed forward
Arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward

Antebrachial

Pertaining to the forearm

Antecubital

Pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow

Appendicular

Relating to limbs and their attachmens to the axis

Axial

Relating to head, neck, and trunk; the axis of the body

Axillary

Pertaining to the armpit

Brachial

Pertaining to the arm

Buccal

Pertaining to the cheek

Calcaneal

Pertaining to the heel of the foot

Carpal

Pertaining to the wrist

Cephalic

Pertaining to the head

Cervical

Pertaining to the neck region

Coxal

Pertaining to the hip

Crural

Pertaining to the leg

Digital

Pertaining to the fingers or toes

Dorsum

Pertaining to the back

Femoral

Pertaining to the thigh

Fibular (peroneal)

Pertaining to the side of the leg

Frontal

Pertaining to the forehead

Gluteal

Pertaining to the buttocks or rump

Hallux

Pertaining to the great toe

Inguinal

Pertaining to the groin

Lumbar

Pertaining to the area of the back between the ribs and hips; the loin

Mammary

Pertaining to the breast

Manus

Pertaining to the hand

Mental

Pertaining to the chin

Middle ear cavities

Carved into the skull

Cotain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ of hearing in the inner ears

Nasal

Pertaining to the nose

Nasal cavity

Located within and posterior to the nose

Occipital

Pertaining to the posterior aspect of the head or base of the skull

Olecranal

Pertaining to the posterior aspect of the elbow

Oral

Pertaining to the mouth

Oral cavity

Commonly called the mouth

Contains:

Tongue
Teeth

Open to the anus

Orbital

Pertaining to the eye socket (orbit); bony

Orbital cavities

(orbits) house the eyes and presetn them in an anterior position

Otic

Pertaining to the ear

Palmar

Pertaining to the palm of the hand

Patellar

Pertaining to the anterior knee (kneecap) region

Pedal

Pertaining to the foot

Pelvic

Pertaining to the pelvic region

Perineal

Pertaining to the region between the anus and external genitalia

Plantar

Pertaining to the sole of the foot

Pollex

Pertaining to the thumb

Popliteal

Pertaining to the back of the knee

Pubic

Pertaining to the genital region

Sacral

Pertaining to the region between the hips (overlying the sacrum)

Scapular

Pertaining to the scapula or shoulder blade area

Sternal

Pertaining to the region of the breast bone

Superficial (external)/deep (internal)

Toward or at the body surface/away from the body surface
The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles
The lungs are deep to the rib cage

Sural

Pertaining to the calf or posterior surface of the leg

Synovial cavities

Joint cavities - they are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround the freely movable joints of the body, such as those between the vertebrae and the knee and hip joints.

They secrete a lubricating fluid (just like serous membranes of

Tarsal

Pertaining to the ankle

Thoracic

Pertaining to the chest

Umbillical

Pertaining to the navel

Vertebral

Pertaining to the area of the spinal column

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Deck Info

Number of cards 71

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