Neuroscience Lecture #1
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Consequences of Aging
-
Stenosis
Delayed Reflexes
Atrophy
-All result of degredation of CNS - Molecular Neuroscience
- Study of function at molecular level in regards to messengers (communicate), conductors (growth), archivists (memory)
- Cellular Neuroscience
-
How molecules work together within a cell
-Different neuron types and functions
-Neuron computations - Systems Neuroscience
- How neural circuits analyze sensory information, form perceptions, execute movements within a system (motor system)
- Behavioral Neuroscience
- How neural systems work together to produce behavior, mood, dreams
- Schizophrenia
-
-Broken Mind
-Loss of touch with reality
-Advanced stages are seen as symptoms of Parkinson's - Parkinson's
-
-Motor Problems
-Flat affect, disinterested facial expressions - Cognitive Neuroscience
- Neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, mental imagery, language and action
- Galvani's Discovery
- Nervous tissue produces electrical activity when excited
- Gall's Beliefs
-
-Behavior stems from the brain
-Particular regions of cortex controlled specific functions
-Behavior was due to activity in brain
-Phrenology
-Center for each function grew with use and caused overlying skull to bulge
-Globalization of function
-Characteristics inside skull told where in the brain you had more growth - Gall's Mistake
- Instead of examining neural tissue, he correlated that ridges push on the skull to increase size of skull instead of brain tissue actually growing
- Ramon y Cajal's finding
-
Neurons form a network of discrete cells.
Neurons are the elementary signaling units of the nervous system - Two vies of Brain and Behavior
-
1. Aggregate-Field View
2. Cellular Connectionist View - Aggregate-Field View
-
-Cerebral hemispheres participated in all mental function
-All was connected - Cellular Connectionist View
-
-Neurons are the signaling units of the brain arranged in functional groups connected to each other in a precise fashion
-Multiple systems in the brain are organized in a hierarchy and are parallel. Damage in one part allows other parts to take over.
-Therapists depend on ability to re-train other parts of brain - Broca's Finding
- -Speech is located in frontal cortex of brain.
- Broca's patients
-
-Loss of the ability to speak was damage in area of frontal cortex
-Oppressive Aphasia - Could respond to unrelated questions - Wernicke's Finding
- -Ability to understand speech is located in temporal lobe
- Wernicke's Patients
-
-Had speech but couldn't understand
-Expressive Aphasia - Absence of Expressive Speech - 7 Parts of the CNS
-
-Spinal Cord
-Medulla Oblongata
-Pons
-Cerebellum
-Midbrain
-Diencephalon
-Cerebral Hemispheres - Spinal Cord Function
- Allows sensory nerves to receive stimulus from periphery and send mesages to brain, in return a response to muscle is given.
- Medulla Oblongata Function
-
Breath, Chew, Basic Operations
(Injury can result in death) - Pons Function
-
Basic Behaviors
Conduit of information from higher cortical areas to cerebellum - Cerebellum Function
- Balance and coordination
- Midbrain Function
- Control of eye movements, coordination of visual and auditory
- Diencephalon Contains
- Consists of thalamus and hypothalamus
- Thalamus Function
- Communication between the cerebral cortex and a number of structures in the lower CNS
- Hypothalamus Function
- Controls the Autonomic Nervous System
- Cerebral Hemisphere Function
- Seat of all high level human behaviors
- Frontal Lobe Function
- Planning future action
- Parietal Lobe Function
- Somatic sensation, spatial representation
- Occipital Lobe Function
- Vision
- Temporal Lobe Function
- Hearing, Learning, Memory
- Right Side of Brain Involved In?
- Music, Art, Representation
- Left Side of Brain Involved In?
- Arithmetic, Language, Calculations