PSY338Q1
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- What is meant by a developmental perspective with respect to abnormal behavior?
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This looks at how behavioral problem interacts with the child as he grows.
What does the behavior look like in a 3 year old versus a 7 year old? - What factors interact to influence a child's behavior?
- Environment, Adults, family, culture, social environment all interact to influence behavior.
- How is abnormal behavior defined?
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Check to see if the behavior violates developmental norms:
age at sit up, walk.
Check to see if it violates the normal sequence; does a child do things out of order?
Compare to Statistical norms in populations.
Consider situational norms and whether the behavior is maladaptive. - What are situational norms?
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Cultural Norms
Personal Norms (family, origin of country) -
What is maladaptive behavior?
Name 3 kinds. -
Behavior is maladaptive if it interferes with the child or family life.
Excessive - tantrum, agression
insufficient - not enough good behavior (social skills)
Bizarre - OCD - What dimensions are used to describe children's disorders?
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Social difficulties
Emotional difficulties
Cognitive difficulties
Motor Problems
Biological - What is comorbity?
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Tells you what other disorders are associated with this disorder.
Eg: depression + anxiety commonly occur together. - What is epidemiology?
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Prevalence of the disorder in certain populations
Eg: autism > in boys - What is etiology?
- Cause or origin of the disorder. Considers how biological, psychological, and environmental processes interact to bring about an outcome.
- What is the Diathesis-Stress Model?
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Tells how abnormal behavior develops by looking at biological and genetic factors (nature) and life experiences (nurture).
There is an interaction between vulnerable hereditary predisposition and events in the environment. -
In the Diathesis-Stress Model:
a)what is on the vertical axis?
b)horizontal?
c)what sitiuation is on the top left?
d)bottom right?
e)where do most people fall and what does this mean? -
a)diathesis = nature = bio.
Even with 0 stress, you have the disorder (genetic).
b)stress = environment
c)strong diathesis = likely to develop disorder.
d)high stress
e)most people fall in the middle which means psychological problems are aquired through an interaction of biological and envirnmental variables. - What are Albee's main points in reading #2?
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-Since stress is a major contributor to psychological problems, change society to reduce stress.
-Carter was going to address social and economic issues but the political atmosphere changed.
-Not sure of long term effect of today's medications - What are characteristics of a true experiment?
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-Start with 2 equivalent groups (experimental group and control group).
-Manipulate an independent variable. - Why is Random Assignment used in Psychological Experiments?
- Cannot get 2 equivalent groups for abnormal psychological research. People bring depression, personality, gender, and life experiences to the experiment. Try to distribute these characteristics equivalently across the groups.
- Why are Psych Experiments not considered to be true experiments?
- No random assignment.
- What is illustrated by Jake's Problems in Chapter 2?
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Interconnected factors contribute to psychlogical problems in children.
Abnormal child behavior involves biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors. - What is transaction?
- The interaction of child and environment. Disorders emerge as a combination of factors interacting.
- What is adaptational failure?
- Failure to master or progress in accomplishing developmental milestones. Not usually due to a single cause. Consider abnormality in relation to multiple, interdependent causes, and major developmental changes that occur across the life cycle.
- What is a paradigm?
- A philosophical approach or framework.
- What is the neurobiological view?
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The brain and nervous system are the underlying causes of psychological disorders.
Neurobio ALSO incorporates environmental influences in accounting for disorders. - How does the environment influence the brain.
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Nature creates the human brain and CNS.
Environment gives opportunities and limitations and influences the plan from the beginning. - T/F: Genes are a single cause of many disorders.
- False. Genes are implicated but are not a single cause.
- What is a gene and what does it do?
- A gene is a stretch of DNA that produces a protein. The protein produces tendencies to react in certain ways.
- What is the difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twins?
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MZ - same set of genes
DZ - share about 1/2 genes -
T/F
Most forms of abnormal child behavior involve a number of genes that interact with one another and with environmental influences to result in observed levels of impairment - True (p37 Text)