Ancient Greece
Terms
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- Sparta
- Powerful city in Ancient Greece that was run like a military state. It competed with Athens for dominance
- Democracy
- a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
- Athens
- a Powerful city in Ancient Greece that was a leader in arts, sciences, philosophy, democracy and architecture.
- Hellenic Culture
- the specific artifacts of the ancients as well as the ideas and ideals of democracy, beauty and balance.
- Pisistratus
- Tyrant who took land from nobles and gave it to peasants, reduced privledges of nobles
- Oligarchy
- ruling power belongs to only a few people
- Homer
- ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)
- Solon
- Athenian reformer of the 6th century; established laws that eased the burden of debt on farmers, forbade enslavement for debt
- Cleisthenes
- An aristocrat, created a council of 500 and helped from Athenian democracy
- Peloponnesian Wars
- Series of wars between Athens and Sparta
- Aristotle
- one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers. he wrote more than 200 books from politics to astronomy; made Lyceum and Assembly
- Phalanx
- a Tight military formation of men eight or more ranks deep invented in ancient greece, soldiers in the phalanx were called hoplites. this system united the men of greece
- Dorian Invasion
- the Dorian invasion was between 1100 and 950 BC, and is referred to as "the return of the sons of Heracles" in mythology, ended the bronze age and the dark ages of Hellas. The invaders spoke just like the Acheans Greek, but in a different dialect. In the middle and late Helladic period they probably lived in the north and northwest, at the edge of Mycenaean civilisation. The invaders were from several different tribes, but we will call this invasion the Dorian invasion as the Dorian tribes were the most important in the course of history
- Persian Wars
- A series of wars in the fifth century B.C., in which Greek city-states battled the Persian Empire.
- Thucydides
- ancient Greek historian remembered for his history of the Peloponnesian War (460-395 BC)
- Ostracism
- the process for temporarily banning ambitious politicains from the city by popular vote
- Alexander the Great
- successor of Philip of Macedon; he created 1st global empire, but no lasting bureaucracy; spread of Hellenism is his greatest achievement; he went east on a massive conquest, but could not conquer persia
- Tyranny
- gov't by an individual who seizes power through force
- Hellenistic Age
- Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until spread of islam. (137)
- Polis
- another name for a Greek city-state
- Archon
- A chief in the democracy of Athens
- Acropolis
- a town center or royal complex usually built atop a hill
- Mycenaeans
- a group of people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.; leading city called Mycenae which could withstand any attack; nobles lived in splendor; these people invaded many surrounding kingdoms;
- Ephors
- a group of 5 officials that help govern Sparta
- Socrates
- Athenian philosopher of the later 5th century bc.;tutor of Plato; urged rational reflection of moral decisions; condemmed to death for corrupting minds of Athenian young
- Aristocracy
- hereditary nobility; privileged class; government by nobility; N. aristocrat
- Herodotus
- wrote about persian war, father of history, word history comes from name, 1st to gather facts and write them down
- Plato
- student under Socrates, another greek philospher who taugh about human behavior, government, math, and astronomy; teacher of Aristotle
- Pericles
- Athenian statesman. He was the central ruler of Athens during its golden age. He was the central patron behind many of their achievements. He was also a very skilled speaker.
- Minoans
- earliest Greek civilization that had developed on the island of Crete by 2000BC
- Monarchy
- Government by a single ruler.
- Helots
- Slaves to the Spartans that revolted and nearly destroyed Sparta in 650 B.C.E.
- Delian League
- an alliance of city-states in ancient Greece, with Athens as a Leader
- Hoplite
- in the early Greek military system, heavily armed foot soldiers that consisted of average men that were well trained