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Ancient Greece

Terms

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Sparta
Powerful city in Ancient Greece that was run like a military state. It competed with Athens for dominance
Democracy
a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
Athens
a Powerful city in Ancient Greece that was a leader in arts, sciences, philosophy, democracy and architecture.
Hellenic Culture
the specific artifacts of the ancients as well as the ideas and ideals of democracy, beauty and balance.
Pisistratus
Tyrant who took land from nobles and gave it to peasants, reduced privledges of nobles
Oligarchy
ruling power belongs to only a few people
Homer
ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)
Solon
Athenian reformer of the 6th century; established laws that eased the burden of debt on farmers, forbade enslavement for debt
Cleisthenes
An aristocrat, created a council of 500 and helped from Athenian democracy
Peloponnesian Wars
Series of wars between Athens and Sparta
Aristotle
one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers. he wrote more than 200 books from politics to astronomy; made Lyceum and Assembly
Phalanx
a Tight military formation of men eight or more ranks deep invented in ancient greece, soldiers in the phalanx were called hoplites. this system united the men of greece
Dorian Invasion
the Dorian invasion was between 1100 and 950 BC, and is referred to as "the return of the sons of Heracles" in mythology, ended the bronze age and the dark ages of Hellas. The invaders spoke just like the Acheans Greek, but in a different dialect. In the middle and late Helladic period they probably lived in the north and northwest, at the edge of Mycenaean civilisation. The invaders were from several different tribes, but we will call this invasion the Dorian invasion as the Dorian tribes were the most important in the course of history
Persian Wars
A series of wars in the fifth century B.C., in which Greek city-states battled the Persian Empire.
Thucydides
ancient Greek historian remembered for his history of the Peloponnesian War (460-395 BC)
Ostracism
the process for temporarily banning ambitious politicains from the city by popular vote
Alexander the Great
successor of Philip of Macedon; he created 1st global empire, but no lasting bureaucracy; spread of Hellenism is his greatest achievement; he went east on a massive conquest, but could not conquer persia
Tyranny
gov't by an individual who seizes power through force
Hellenistic Age
Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until spread of islam. (137)
Polis
another name for a Greek city-state
Archon
A chief in the democracy of Athens
Acropolis
a town center or royal complex usually built atop a hill
Mycenaeans
a group of people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.; leading city called Mycenae which could withstand any attack; nobles lived in splendor; these people invaded many surrounding kingdoms;
Ephors
a group of 5 officials that help govern Sparta
Socrates
Athenian philosopher of the later 5th century bc.;tutor of Plato; urged rational reflection of moral decisions; condemmed to death for corrupting minds of Athenian young
Aristocracy
hereditary nobility; privileged class; government by nobility; N. aristocrat
Herodotus
wrote about persian war, father of history, word history comes from name, 1st to gather facts and write them down
Plato
student under Socrates, another greek philospher who taugh about human behavior, government, math, and astronomy; teacher of Aristotle
Pericles
Athenian statesman. He was the central ruler of Athens during its golden age. He was the central patron behind many of their achievements. He was also a very skilled speaker.
Minoans
earliest Greek civilization that had developed on the island of Crete by 2000BC
Monarchy
Government by a single ruler.
Helots
Slaves to the Spartans that revolted and nearly destroyed Sparta in 650 B.C.E.
Delian League
an alliance of city-states in ancient Greece, with Athens as a Leader
Hoplite
in the early Greek military system, heavily armed foot soldiers that consisted of average men that were well trained

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