Chapter 7
Terms
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- Diocletian
- emperor whose efforts slowed the Roman empires decline; he realized empire was too large for one person to manage so he appointed co-emperor and two assistants
- triumvirate
- a group of three men responsible for public administration or civil authority
- Julio-Claudian Emperors
- relatives of Caesar that rules the empire for the 54 years after Augustus
- rabbis
- religious scholars of Judaism
- consuls
- cheif executives
- Huns
- nomadic people from Asia who attacked the Roman Empire
- Ptolemy
- a scientist and scholar from the great egyptian city of Alexandria who developed a system of astronomy and geography-the Ptolemaic system
- Gaius Marius
- Roman general who was elected as a consul and brought major changes to Roman Political scenes
- Punic Wars
- wars between Rome and Carthage due to fears of other sides
- equites
- a class of buisness people and land owners who became very wealthy
- martyrs
- Christians who were put to death for their beliefs
- Attila
- leader of the huns, considered a direct threat to Rome
- Ovid
- Roman poet who wrote love lyrics and the Metamorphoses
- Constantine
- supported Christianity throughout the empire; created a new capital city in the east called Constantinope
- Scipio
- Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)
- plebians
- Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders
- Augustus (Octavian)
- lead army to declare war on Mark Antony, emperor, "revered one"
- Jesus
- the Son of God who was crucified and died on the cross to save all people from sin
- republic
- government in which voters elect an official to rule the state
- Galen
- physician who wrote several volumes that summarized all the medical knowledge
- checks and balences
- system set up so that branch has an equal share of the power in the goverment, and can prevent the others from abusing their power
- pope
- "father" on Latin; patriarch of Rome who claimed to be supreme over all the other patriarchs
- the Gracchi
- two brothers Tiberius and Gauis Gracchus, who saw the need to reform in the Roman Republic
- veto
- refuse to approve
- Cleopatra
- daughter of the ruling Ptolemy family, put on the throne as a Roman ally by Caesar
- Gnaeus Pompey
- He joined J. Caeser and Licinius Crassus and formed the first Triumvirate
- Hannibal
- a great Carthaginian general during the second Punic War; successfully invaded italy, but failed to conquer Rome and finally defeated at the battle of zama
- Tacitus
- great Roman historianwho wrote Annals, a history of Rome under the JudioClaudian emperors
- gladiators
- trained fighters,usually slaves, who fought in areas as entertainment
- bishops
- headed church in each city; above priests
- Vandals
- Germanic tribe called Franks who threatened invasion to the empire
- Marc Antony
- a general and ally of Ceasar'swho drove out conspirators and took control in Rome
- Plutarch
- a Greek who wrote Parallel Lives, a collection of Greek and Roman biographies
- tribunes
- 10 officials who had some power over the Senates actions and actions of other officials
- praetors
- helped consuls; commanded army in war
- Goths
- Germanic tribe made up of the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths who threatened invasion to the empire
- Virgil
- greatest of Roman poets, wrote the epic poem the Aeniad
- Pax Romana
- 200 year period of peace in Rome.
- patricians
- powerful landowners wh controlled the government
- dictator
- absolute ruler
- aqueducts
- Bridge-like stone structures that carry water from the hills into Roman cities
- Horace
- another Roman poet who wrote of human emotions in odes, satires, and epistles
- Julius Caesar
- nephew of Marius who was a powerful public speaker and spent a great deal of money to win support
- inflation
- a rise in prices caused by a decrease in the value of money
- patriarchs
- bishops of the administrative centers for the church in the last years of the Roman Empire
- Five Good Emperors
- five rulers who led Rome for almost 100 years during the Pax Romana
- Lucius Cornelius Sulla
- elected consul in 88 BC, after his term expired he wanted to take a military command that promised to gain him great fame and fortune
- Spartacus
- slave who lead a revolt of 70,000 slaves against the Roman Empire
- censors
- registered citizens occording to their weath, appointed members to the senate, oversaw moral conduct of all citizens