Nichols Core SS Midterm
Nichols history midterm review
other core might have some of same terms
other core might have some of same terms
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Ziggurats
- temple towers of the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians, having the form of a terraced pyramids with steps up the sides
- Regions
- areas that share common characteristics
- Mammoths
- large, hairy elephants that lived a long time ago
- Augustus
- first Roman emperor, reformer, patron of arts and literature; heir and successor to Julius Caesar, known as Octavian
- Philip II
- Father of Alexander the Great, king of Macedon from 359 BCE to 336 BCE
- Cannae
- ancient city in southeastern Italy where Hannibal defeated the Romans in 216 BC
- Consuls
- two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies
- Temperate
- moderate climate
- Socrates
- first Greek philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic method, government killed him
- Aqueducts
- bridge-like stone structures that carry water from the hills into Roman cities
- Sparta
- Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts, rival of Athens
- Pericles
- Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athen's political and cultural supremacy in Greece, built Parthenon
- Plato
- student under Socrates, another Greek philosopher who taught about human behavior, government, math, and astronomy, he taught Aristotle
- Polar
- extremely cold climate
- Strait
- a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water
- Pompeii
- ancient Roman city southeast of Naples that was buried by a volcanic eruption from Vesuvius
- Canal
- long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation, (man made)
- Parthenon
- the temple of Athena Parthenos on the Acropolis at Athens, completed 438 BCE, regarded as the finest Doric temple
- Theocracy
- a political unit governed by a deity (or by officials thought to be divinely guided)
- Rowland Robinson
- Late 1800's Vermont writer predicting environment change and species extinction
- Carthage
- City located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians 800 BCE, it became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by Rome in the third century BCE
- Communism
- a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership
- Hieroglyphics
- a form of picture writing used by the ancient Egyptians
- Julius Caesar
- Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assassinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power
- Place
- An abstract location in space
- 12 Tablets
- 12 Roman laws that showed the strict separation between patricians and pleabeians
- Ramses II
- king of Egypt between 1304 and 1237 BC who built many monuments and city named after himself
- Hannibal
- general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War, successfully invaded Italy, but failed to conquer Rome; finally defeated at the Battle of Zama
- Colosseum
- amphitheater in Rome built about AD 75 or 80, begun by Vespasian, oval shaped, 617 by 512 ft
- Republic
- a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
- Rosetta Stone
- Stone that contained carved messages in hieroglyphics, Greek and demotic, Led to deciphering of hieroglyphics
- Plebeians
- the common people in the Roman republic, a person who had no say in government
- Trujillo
- Famous dictator from the Dominican Republic
- Nile river
- river that runs the entire distance South to North in Egypt, supplies about 85% of Egypt's water
- Constitutional Monarchy
- a monarch (king/queen) is the official head of state but their power is limited by a constitution
- Assyrians
- known as a warrior people who ruthlessly conquered neighboring countries; their empire stretched from east to north of the Tigris River all the way to centeral Egypt; used ladders, weapons like iron-tipped spears, daggers and swords, tunnels, and fearful military tactics to gain strength in their empire
- Neanderthals
- Homo sapient from the Old Stone Age whose remains were found in caves in Europe and Asia
- Romulus
- first king of Rome (founder), killed his twin brother (Remus)
- Cro-Magnons
- Homo sapiens very similar to modern people
- Mesopotamia
- the land between the Tigris and Euphrates
- Australopithecus
- A genus of bipedal hominids living in Africa approximately 2 million years ago; first bipedal hominids
- Athens
- a powerful Greek city-state that was a long time rival of Sparta
- Olympics
- sports to honor gods
- Pharoah
- a king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political leader
- Latin
- language of ancient Rome
- Location
- the position of a place, can be absolute or relative
- Nero
- Roman Emperor notorious for his monstrous vice and fantastic luxury (was said to have started a fire that destroyed much of Rome in 64)
- Hammurabi
- a famous emperor of Mesopotamia, ruled from 1792-1750 BCE, made a black stone tablet containing 282 laws, one of the first times ever that a code of laws has been presented to the people of the empire
- Mummification
- the preservation of the body after death to make the afterlife possible
- Sumerians
- first Mesopotamian civilization, created irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religions
- Pyramid
- a massive religious memorial with a square base and four triangular sides
- Hebrews
- Followers of the Hebrew religion, wrote the first holy text
- Acropolis
- at the center of the city of Athens, the hill above a Greek city on which temples were built
- Junta
- a small group of military officers who rule a country after seizing power
- Irrigation
- supplying dry land with water by means of ditches, etc
- Marathon
- a battle in 490 BC in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians in a surprise attack on the beach
- Thermopylae
- a famous battle in 480 BC, where the Persians attacked the Spartans, battle held in a mountain pass
- Helots
- Slaves to the Spartans that revolted and nearly destroyed Sparta in 650 BCE
- Ice Age
- any period of time during which glaciers covered a large part of the earth's surface
- Tribunes
- representatives of lower class (plebeians) in ancient Rome
- Pax Romana
- 200 year period of peace in Rome, during the time that Octavian ruled
- Tutankhamen
- Pharaoh of Egypt around 1358 BC, youngest pharoh, restored old gods, died at an early age
- Alexander the Great
- Philip II's son who established a huge empire, king of Macedon, Greek military leader whos armies conquerd vast amounts of land, ruler of 1st great European Empire of the ancient world
- Gulf
- part of a large body of water that extends into a shoreline, generally larger and more deeply indented than a bay
- Isthmus
- narrow stretch of land connecting two larger land areas
- Babylon
- the chief city of ancient Mesopotamia and capitol of the ancient kingdom of Babylonia, many slaves were citizens from captured countries
- Tropics
- the areas around the equator that are very hot
- Import
- good brought in from abroad
- Gladiators
- people who fought animals and one another in arenas
- Export
- good sent and sold abroad
- Patricians
- people in the Roman republic that were rich and owned land
- Aristotle
- one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers, student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great
- Peninsula
- a large mass of land projecting into a body of water, surround the land on 3 sides
- Cuneiform
- an ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia