Rome
Terms
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- Colosseum
- A.D 72- 80 concrete, travertine, tufa, brick and marble theaters fro plays designed for gladiatorial contests and combats b/w men and animals, or b/w animals alone remains a monument to the political acumen of imperial Rome, offering spectacles that suited the popular taste for cruelty and violence as well as catering to the creature comforts of its citizens
- Ara Pacis (Altar of Peace)
- 13-9 B.C marble (commemorative architecture) purpose is to celebrate the pax Augusta "Peace of Augustus" after the emperor had made peace w/ the Gauls and returned to Rome. elegant vine scroll traceries indicating peace and fertility under Augustus
- Pantheon
- A.D 117-125 marble, brick and concrete dedicated in a literal sense to all the gods specifically to the 5 planets (Jupitar, Mars, Mecury, Saturn and Venus) Sun + moon pg. 229
- Monumental head of Constantine
- A.D 313 marble reflects the emperor's power over the Roman people
- Great Altar of Zeus at Pergamon
- 2nd century,
- Forum
- a square or rectangular open space in front of a temple for political, religious, social and commerical center
- Arch of Constantine
- A.D 313 marble Constantine the Great erected the largest triumphal arch in Rome, near the Colosseum purpose to commemorate his assumption of sole imperial power in 312, after defeating his rival Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge The medallions are spolia, which are pieces taken from older reliefs and reused in new ones more abstract
- Column of Trajan
- A.D 113 marble (commemorative monument) historical documents of life in the Roman army, ribbonlike narrative frieze, best exemplified in Trajan's Column In honor of the emperor's victories over the Dacians, the inhabitants of modern day Romania
- Augustus of Prima Porta
- 1st century A.D marble emphasizes the power of Rome embodied in Augustus as emperor By his right leg, cupd (venus's son) rides a dolphin-serves as a reminder that Augustus traced his lineage to Aeneas and was descend from the gods see all details in 239
- Basilica
- "royal" used for commerical transaction, municipal hall and law court
- Laocoon and his Sons
- 160 to about 20 BC white marble, Trojan priest Laocoön and his sons Antiphantes and Thymbraeus being strangled by sea serpents.