Chemistry 1301 Test 5
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Are highly compressible, assumes, shape and volume of container. Far apart and do not interact much with each other.
- Gases
- Almost incompressible, assume the shape but not the volume of container. Held closer together than gas molecules but not so rigidly that the molecules cannot slide past each other
- Liquids
-
-Assumes both the volume and shape of its container
-Is compressible
-Flows readily
-Diffusion within a ____ occurs rapidly - Gas
-
-Assumes the shape of the portion of the container it occupies
-Does not expand to fill container
-Is virtually incompressible
-Flows readily
-Diffusion within a _____ occurs slowly - Liquid
-
-Retains its own shape and volume
-Is virtually incompressible
-Does not flow
-Diffusion within a _____ occurs extremely slowly - Solid
- Total disorder; much empty space; particles have complete fredom of motion; particles far apart
- Gas
- Disorder, particles or clusters of particles are free to move relative to each other; particles close together
- Liquid
- Ordered arrangement; particles are essentially in fixed positions; particles clsoe together
- Crystalline solid
- Converting a gas to a liquid or solide requires _______
- molecules to get closer to each other, cool or compress
- Converting a solid into a liquid or gas requires _____
- molecuels to move further apart, heat or reduce pressure
- The forces holding solids and liquids together are called _____________
- Intermolecular forces
- The covalent bond holding a molecule together is an _______________
- Intramolecular force
- The attration between molecues is an _______________
- Intermolecular force
-
Which one is weaker
A) Intermolecular Force
B) Intramolecular Force - A) Intermolecular force
- Types of Intermolecular Forces:
-
Hydrogen Bonding
Ion-Dipole Forces
Dipole-Dipole Forces
London Dispersion Forces - What is the strongest of all intermolecular forces?
- Ion-Diple Forces
- The greater the surface area available for contact, the greater the _________ forces
- London Dispersion
- _______________ forces between spherical molecules are lower than between sausage-like molecuels
- London Dispersion
- Only H-F, H-N, and H-O can ______________ bond
- Hydrogen bond
- What is the weakest of all intermolecular forces?
- London Dispersion
- In a London Dispersion Force the instant a diple is formed is called an ______________________
- Instantaneous dipole
- The forces between instantaneous dipoles are called _______________
- London Dispersion forces
- The eas with which an electron cloud can be deformed is called _________
- Polarizability
- The larger the molecule (the greater the number of electrons) the more _________
- polarizable
- London dispersion forces __________ as molecular weight increases
- Increase
- ___________ is the resistance of a liquid to flow
- Viscosity
- The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the ____________
- Viscosity
- _____________= Bulk molecules (those in the liquid) are equally attracted to their neighbors
- Surface tension
- Surface tension molecules are only attracted _______ towards the bulk molecules. Therefore, surface molecules are packed more closely than bulk molecules
- Inwards
- ______________ is the amount of energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid
- Surface Tension
- ____________ forces bind molecules to each other
- Cohesive
- ____________ foreces bind molecules to a surface
- Adhesive
- __________ is the shape of the liquid surface
- Meniscus
- When a narrow glass tube is place in water, the meniscus pulls the water up the tube
- Capillary Action
- Solid ----> Gas
- Sublimination
- Liquid -------> Gas
- Vaporization
- Solid -------> Liquid
- Melting or Fusion
- Gas -------> Solid
- Deposition
- Gas --------> Liquid
- Condensation
- Liquid ---------> Solid
- Freezing
- Endothermic Phase Changes
-
Sublimination
Vaporization
Melting or Fusion - Exothermic Phase Changes
-
Deposition
Condensation
Freezing - Plot of temperature change versus heat added is a ______________
- Heating Curve
- When a liquid is cooled below its melting point and it still remains a liquid is called
- Supercooling
- An ideal gas differs from a real gas in that the molecules of an idea gas ______________
- Have no attraction for one another
- Gases are highly _________ and occupy the full ________ of their container
- Compressible; Volume
- When a gas is subject to pressure, its volume ________
- Decreases
- P=F/A
- Pressure
- V1 X P1 = V2 X P2
- Boyle's Law
- P1/T1 = P2/T2
- Charles's Law
- V = constant X n
- Avogadro's Law
- The volume of gas at a given temperature and pressure is drectly proportional to the number of moles of gas
- Avogadro's Law
- The volume of a fixed quantity of gas at constant pressure increases as the temperature increase
- Charles's Law
- For a fixed amount of gas at constant temp, the volume of the gas varies inversely with its pressure
- Boyle's Law
-
What does this mean?
1) 0 C or 273.15 K
2) 1 atm
3) 22.4 L of molar volume -
Standard Temperature and Pressure
STP - At a given temperature and pressure, the volumes of gases which react are ratios of small whole numbers
- Gay-Lussac's Law of combining volumes
- PV = nRT
- Ideal Gas Equation
- Change in the conditions of the Gas
- P1V1/n1T1 = P2V2/n2T2
- M= dRT/P
- Molar Mass