Community Based Nursing
Terms
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- Community Based Nursing
- The acute and chronic nursing care of individuals and families that enhances their capacity for self care and promotes autonomy in decision making
- Focus of community based nursing
- the individual with an acute or chronic illness
- community health nursing aka
- public health nursing
- public health
- the art of the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health and efficienty through organinzed community efforts
- aggregates
- groups within a community that have similar characteristics or problems
- Ambulatory care
- health care provided on an outpatient basis- Dr's office, private clinic, Gov. run public health clinic,
- palliative care
- care designed to provide effective
- preventative care
- designed to prevent or minimize disease or injury.
- Medicaid
- Jointly sponsored state and federal program that pays for health care services for the aged, poor, disabled, and families with dependent children
- Medicare
- Federally funded health insurance program for individuals who are 65 yo and older, the disabled and those with ESRD. Administered by HCFA
- skilled interventions
- interventions that require the administration or supervision of a licensed health care professional
- role of case manager
- planning, organizing, delegating, evaluating and coordinating care
- advocate
- ensure's the client health care rights and supports self-determination in health care decisions
- change agent
- facilitates change in client or agency behavior to more readily achieve care goals
- critical thinking
- the disciplined intellectual process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying and analyzing, synthesizing and evaluating information
- nuclear dyad
- two adults (married or unmarried, same or opposite sex)
- nuclear family
- two adults (married/unmarried, same/opposite sex) with children (biologic, step, adopted, foster)
- competencies in community based nursing
- critical thinking, communication and collaboration
- Richard Paul on critical thinking
- "the art of thinking about your thinking while you are thinking to make your thinking better"
- Assessment of client's learning needs
- developmental level: knowlede base, abilities, and motivation; family structure and dynamics; and relevant cultural and economic factors
- Three dimensions of the case manager
- Clinical, managerial and financial
- health maintenance
- behaviors directed toward keeping a current state of health
- health promotion
- positive health-related actions aimed at enhancing health and wellness
- health protection
- regulatory and environmental measures used to protect specified populations from illness and injury
- primary prevention
- health promotion and protection against specific health problems
- risk profile
- a profile of various factors known to cause or be assoc. with a particular disease
- secondary prevention
- early identification of health problems and prompt intervention to alleviate health problems
- tertiary prevention
- restoration and rehabilitation to an optimal level of functioning
- wellness
- a dynamic process used to attain, maintain and enhance health
- health according to WHO
- Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease and infirmity
- illness prevention/health maintenance
- behaviors focused on reducing or eliminating the threat of disease and its complications
- health promotion according to WHO
- The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health
- Three levels of healh care prevention
- primary, secondary and tertiary
- breach
- failure to adhere to one's legal duty.
- common law
- law that is developed through actual court cases
- defamation
- any information written/spoken that is untrue
- ethical principles
- abstract concepts, grounded in a moral foundation, which serve as guidelines for practice
- Ethical principles in CBN
- responsibilities include caring, confidentiality, accountability, advocacy and honesty
- standard of care
- written statement describing the rules, actions or condtions that direct client care.
- Deviation from standard of care
- failure to identify appropriate diagnoses that guide health promotion, reduce illness and promote rehabilitation of the client would be a deviation from the standard of care
- Under the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990
- requires that such information be reported to the Food and drug administration with in 10 days of occurrence. Failure to comply with the Act's reporting requirements can resul tin civil fines starting at $15,000.00
- Client Self Determination Act of 1991
- Requires community health care agencies to provide info. & education & advance directives to clients and the community. Requirement extends to documentation of whether or not the client has an advance directive and requires the nurse to comply with the client's advance directive to the extent req. by state law
- demography
- study of population characteristics
- demographic characteristics
- age, gender, race/ethnicity socioeconomic status, and education.
- epidemiology
- science of population health applied to the detection of morbidity and mortality in population
- Two types of morbidity rates
- incidence and prevalence
- Prevalence
- measures existing events in a population during a period
- Primary preventions
- focus on health promotion and prevention of disease or injury
- screening
- a secondary prevention activity
- Alma Alta declaration
- emphasized health or well-being as a fundamental right and a worldwide social goal. Attempted to address inequality in health status of persons in all countries and to target government responsibility for policies that would promote economic, social and health development.
- PHC
- primary health care
- Primary care
- provision of integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health services, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community
- Focus of Primary Care
- Address personal health services and not population-based public health issues
- competencies for collaboration
- effective communication skills, mutual respect, trust and a decision-making process
- ontinuity of care
- coordination of health care servicies by health care providers for clients moving from one health care setting to another & between & among health care professionals
- discharge planning
- the process of preparing a client to leave one level of care for another within or outside the current health care agency.
- health promotion approach
- categorized as an approach behavior
- primary prevention approach
- considered an avoidance behavior
- precontemplation stage-change
- person does not think about changing behavior- nor is interested in info about behavior
- contemplative stage-change
- person seriously considers changing a specific behavior- actively gathers info
- preparation stage-change
- person undertakes cognitive and behavioral activites that prepare the person for change
- action stage-change
- person actively implements behavioral and cognitive strategies to interrupt previous behavior patterns and adopt new ones
- maintenance stage-change
- person integrates newly adopted behavior patterns into his or her lifestyle
- step test
- individual steps up and down an a 17-inch step for 3 minutes at a prescribed rate 22-24 steps per minute. /p the test the client sits in a chair while the nurse measures the apical or carotid pulse rate from 5-20 seconds into recovery
- health risk appraisal
- asssessment and educational tool that indicates a client's risk for disease or injury over the next 10 years
- risk factor
- a phenomeno eg age or lifestyle behavior that increases a person's chance of acquiring a specific disease such as cancer
- Locus of control
- is a measureable concept that can be used to predict which people are most likely to change their behavior.
- ANA's definition of nursing
- the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to health and illness
- primary concept of community -based nursing care
- self-care and preventive care within the context of culture and community
- eligibility for homecare service
- acutely ill, homebound and in need of skilled nursing services
- labile
-
1. changeable: liable to change
2. undergoing frequent change: readily or frequently undergoing chemical or physical change - leading problems of elementary school children
- injuries, infections (including influenza and pheumonia), malnutrition, dental disease and cancer
- Leading health problems of high school children
- alcohol and drug abuse, injuries, homicide, pregnancy, sexually transmitted disease, sports injuries, dental disease and mental and emotional problems