Chapter 7&8
Terms
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- Solubility
- The maximum amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure.
- Unsaturated Solution
- A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution does and that is able to dissolve additional solute.
- Solution
- A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase.
- Disinfectant
- A chemical substance that kills harmful bacteria or viruses.
- Solvent
- In a solution, the substance in which teh solute dissolves.
- Emulsion
- Any mixture of two or more immiscible liquids in which one liquid is dispersed in the other.
- Molarity
- An expression of the concentration of a solution in moles of dissolved solute per liter of solution.
- Base
- Any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
- Hydrogen Bonding
- The intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule.
- Suspension
- A mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas.
- Alloy
- A solid or liquid mixture of two or more metals.
- Acid
- Any compound that increases the number of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
- Soap
- A substance that is used as a cleaner and that dissolves in water.
- Neutralization reaction
- The reaction of the ions that characterize acids (hydronium ions) and the ions that characterize bases (hydroxide ions) to form water molecules and a salt.
- Saturated Solution
- A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions.
- pH
- A value used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
- Solute
- In a solution, the substance that dissolves in teh solvent.
- Salt
- An ionic compound that forms when a metal atom or a positive radical replaces the hydrogen of an acid.
- Indicator
- A compound that can reversibly change color depending on teh pH of the solution or other chemical change.
- Polar Compound
- A molecule that has an uneven distribution of electrons.
- Concentration
- The amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore.
- Bleach
- A chemical compound used to whiten or make lighter, such as hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite.
- Nonpolar Compound
- A compound whose electrons are equally distributed among its atoms.
- Antacid
- A weak base that neutralizes stomach acid.
- Electrolyte
- A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current.
- Supersaturated Solution
- A solution that holds more dissolved solute than is required to reach equilibrium at a given temperature.
- Detergent
- A water-soluble cleaner that can emulsify dirt and oil.
- Colloid
- A mixture of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in slutions and those in suspension and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas.