PHARMACOLOGY BARBS AND NONBARBS
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- WHAT IS THE MAIN INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTER IN THE CNS?
- GAMMA AMINO BUTYRIC ACID (GABA)
- WHERE IS GABA SYNTHESIZED AND STORED?
-
IN
THE PRESYNAPTIC AXON TERMINALS - WHAT CAUSES THE RELEASE OF GABA INTO THE SYNAPSE WHERE IT ACTS?
- CALCIUM IONS
- WHERE DOES GABA ACT?
- ON THE GABA RECEPTORS LOCATED ON THE POST-SYNAPTIC MEMBRANE OF TARGET NEURONS
- WHAT KIND OF RECEPTORS ARE GABA RECEPTORS?
- CHANNEL RECEPTORS
- WHEN GABA ATTACHES TO ITS RECEPTORS THE CENTRAL CHANNEL OPENS AND ALLOWS WHAT KIND OF IONS TO PASS THROUGH?
- NEGATIVELY CHARGED CHLORIDE IONS.
- WHAT FUNCTION DOES NEGATIVELY CHARGED CHLORIDE IONS HAVE ON THE NEURON?
- DECREASE ITS EXCITABILITY
- THE INWARD FLUX OF CHLORIDE IONS RESULTS IS WHAT CHANGE TO THE CELL?
- HYPERPOLARIZATION
- HYPERPOLARIZATION OF THE NEURON HAS WHAT EFFECT ON EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITTERS?
- RESISTANCE TO EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITTERS
- WHAT TWO DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS ABIND TO THE GABA RECEPTOR AND ENHANCE THE EFFECT OF GABA?
- BARBITUATES AND BENSOS
- WHAT TWO DRUGS PROBABLY ENHANCE THE EFFECT OF GABA DECREASING NEURONAL EXCITABILITY?
- PROPOFOL AND ETOMIDATE
- WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF GABA RECEPTORS?
- GABA A, B, AND C
-
WHAT TYPE OF GABA RECEPTORS ARE GABA A AND C
HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT? -
IONOTROPIC.
THESE ION CHANNELS ARE DIFFERENT BECAUSE NEUROTRANSIMTTERS ATTACH DIRECTLY IN ORDER TO OPEN THEM. -
WHAT KIND OF GABA RECEPTOR IS GABA B?
WHAT IS THE UNIQUE PROPERTY? -
METABOTROPIC RECEPTOR
THEY ARE SEPARATED FROM THE ION CHANNELS AND MAKE LINKAGE BY MEANS OF G PROTEIN. - GABA B RECEPTORS WILL OPEN WHAT CHANNELS ON THE POST SYNAPTIC MEMBRANE? PrESYNAPTIC MEMB.? INVOLVING WHAT?
-
K
CA
THRU A SECOND MESSENGER INVOLVING G PROTEIN - THE GABA RECEPTOR IS COMPRISED OF HOW MANY SUBUNITS? WHAT IS THE PRIMARY BINDING SITE FOR GABA?
-
5
BETA SUBUNITS - WHAT ARE THREE COMPONENTS OF THE PERFECT ANESTHESIA?
-
ANALGESIA
AMNESIA
MUSCLE RELAXATION - WHEN GABA ALLOWS THE ENTERING OF CHLORIDE CAUSING HYPERPOLARIZATION WHAT IS THE RESULT?
- INHIBITION ON NEURONAL ACTIVITY AND A GENERAL ANXIOLITIC EFFECT
- SECONDARY GABA BINDING SITES FOR OTHER MOLECULES INCLUDE (5)?
- BARBITUATES, BENZODIAZEPINES, ALCOHOL, PROPOFOL AND ETOMIDATE
- WHAT NON-BARBITUATE IS RELATED TO PCP?
- KETAMINE
-
WHAT NEUROTRANSMITTER IN THE CNS BINDS TO NMDA?
HOW IS IT CLASSIFIED? -
GLUTAMATE
EXCITATORY -
WHEN THE NMDA RECEPTOR OPENS THE ION CHANNEL WHAT ELEMENTS MOVE IN?
AND WHAT HAPPENS TO THE POST SYNAPTIC NEURON? -
K
NA
CA
GETS DEPOLARIZED - WHAT DRUG INHIBITS THE NMDA RECEPTOR RESPONSE TO GLUTAMATE?
- KETAMINE
- WHAT BARBITURATE IS NOT USED IN THE US?
- THIAMYLAL
- WHAT ARE THE TWO SHORT ACTING BARBITURATES?
-
THIOPENTAL (PENTOTHAL)
METHOHEXITAL (BREVITAL) - BARBITURATES HAVE MANY CNS ACTIONS, BUT THE DEPRESSION OF WHAT AREA CONTRIBUTES TO THE SEDATION AND HYPNOSIS?
-
RAS
RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM - WHAT AREA ANATOMICAL AREA IS IMPORTANT IN THE MAINTENANCE OF WAKEFULNESS?
-
RAS.
(IS NOT IN THE CNS) - WHAT IS THE PH OF 2.5% THIOPENTAL
- 10.5
-
WHAT KIND OF A SOLUTION(ALKALINE OR ACID) IS THIOPENTAL?
INCOMPATIBLE WITH WHAT DRUGS(3)? -
ALKALINE
OPIOIDS, CHATECHOLAMINES AND NMBAs WHICH ARE ACIDIC. - THIOPENTAL CANNOT BE RECONSTITUTED IN WHAT iv FLUID? WHY?
-
LR
WILL PRECIPITATE - THE ALKALINE PROPERTIES OF THIOPENTAL PROVIDE WHAT TYPE OF EFFECT?
- BACTERIOSTATIC
- WHAT ARE THE PREPARATION SOLUTIONS IN PERCENTAGE FOR THIOPENTAL AND METHOHEXITAL?
-
THIOPENTAL = 2.5%
METHOHEXITAL = 1% - THE ADDITION OF A METHYL GROUP TO THE BARBITURIC ACID RING (METHOHEXITAL)RESULTS IN?
-
SHORT DURATION OF ACTION
(TAKING AWAY THE ANTICONVULSANT PROPERTY, CAN CAUSE SEIZURES AND EXTRAPIRAMIDAL SIDE EFFECTS - WHEN CHLORIDE CONDUCTANCE INCREASES, IT LEADS TO HYPERPOLARIZATION. IN SUCH STATE, WHAT HAPPENS TO CELL?
- IT DOES NOT FIRE.
- BARBITURATES CAN DECREASE PAIN THRESHOLD. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
- CAN MAKE PAIN MORE INTENSE. HAVE NO SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXATION
- BARBITURATES CAN CAUSE THESE THREE NEURO SIDE EFFECTS.
-
SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS
MYOCLONUS
SEIZURES - FOR BARBITURATE ACTION WHAT SUBUNIT IS NOT REQUIRED?
-
GAMMA
THE ALPHA AND BETA ARE USED - BARBITURATES ACT ON THE GABA INDUCED CHLORIDE CURRENTS BY WHAT ACTION?
- PROLONGING THE OPEN TIME PERIOD INSTEAD OF INCREASING THE FREQUENCY OF CHANNEL OPENINGS.(BARBS INCREASE FREQ OF OPENINGS)
- WHAT EFFECT DO MOST ANESTHESIA DRUGS HAVE ON CV SYSTEM?
- DEPRESANT EFFECT
- WHAT TWO DRUGS ARE CLASSIFIED AS BARBITURATES?
- THIOPENTAL AND METHOHEXITAL
- WHAT THREE DRUGS ARE CLASSIFIED AS NONBARBITURATES?
-
PROPOFOL
ETOMIDATE
KETAMINE - PROMPT AWAKENING AFTER A SINGLE DOSE OF THIOPENTAL REFLECTS WHAT PROPERTY? IS NOT METABOLISM.
- REDISTRIBUTION
- PERCENT OF UNCHANGED BARBITUATES EXCRETED IN THE URINE?
- 1% WHICH INDICATES BODY METABOLISM OF DRUG
- WHAT BARBITUATE BINDS TO PROTEIN 80% AND IS HIGHLY LIPID SOLUBLE?
- THIOPENTAL
- WHAT DRUG DECREASES THE BINDING OF THIOPENTAL TO PROTEIN?
- ASPIRIN.
- WHAT DETERMINES DISTRIBUTION OF BARBITURATES IN THE BODY (3) ?AND WHICH IS THE MOST IMPORTANT
-
LIPID SOLUBILITY(MOST IMPORTANT)
PROTEIN BINDING
DEGREE OF IONIZATION