Granulocyte/monocyte maturation
Terms
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- what are the hematopoietic progenitors or grans/monos?
-
Pluripotent stem cell
CFU-GEMM - CFU-GEMM differentiates into:
-
CFU-GM
CFU-Eo
CFU-M - what are the cells in granulocytic maturation?
-
myeloblast
promyelocyte
myelocyte
metamyelocyte
band neutrophil
neutrophil - The neutrophils, eosinophils and basophil early cells are all pretty similar, until what point of start to differentiate?
- -Metamyelocyte. Identify as granulocyte, eosinophilic, basophilic metamyelocyte
-
eosinophilic metamyelocyte becomes
basophilic
granulocytic -
-eosinophil
-basophil then a mast cell
-PMN - so it's easy; it's a CFU-G then
-
myeloblast
neutrophilic metamyelocyte
PMN -
what is the last stage of the myelocyte maturation capable of division?
this is before: -
Myelocyte
before the metamyelocyte - which stage of maturation has a round nucleus in granulocytes?
- MyelOCyte
- which cell has half-diameter sized nucleus?
- metamyelocyte
- which cell has less than a half-diameter sized nucleus?
- BAND - not kinked, but a nice horseshoe of nuclear material
- what is the last stage of discernible nucleoli in myelocyte maturation?
- Myelocyte
- what is the DAWN OF THE NEUTROPHIL?
- the myelocyte - the golgi apparatus making granules makes a pinkish halo around the nucleus.
- what cell is the major turning point in granulocytic maturation?
- the Myelocyte
- what do nucleoli tell us?
- the cell is capable of division
- in which cell are granules first readily identifiable?
- the promyelocyte - azurophilic granules that are RED.
-
between granulocytes, eosinos and basos, how do the following differ:
-Lobes of nucleus
-Granules -
PMN has 2-5 lobes
Eosino has 0-2
Basos have 0-2
PMNs have many fine violet-pink granules
Eosinos: uniform distinct RED granules
Basos: non-uniform purple-black granules - what is the function of granulocytes?
- to KILL MICROORGANISMS
-
How many neutrophils do we make per day?
Where are they made? -
Make about 100 million/mg/day
They're made in the bone marrow - What are the 2 compartments of neutrophils in the bone marrow?
-
-Mitotic compartment - contains cells up to the Myelocyte.
-MAturation compartment - contains Metamyelocytes, Bands and Segs - How much of the total granulocytes we have is represented by the WBC count?
- only 20%
- How is the total circulating granulocyte pool broken down?
-
-Marginal Pool = 50%: hangs out at edges of vessels and adheres to endothelium so we don't count it.
-Circulating = 50%: what we count. - What is the half life of granulocytes before they go into the tissues?
- 7 hrs
- How long do they stay in the tissues? 2-5 days
- 2-5 days
- Would we normally see an increased neutrophil? why or why not?
-
yes - diurnally we have more later in day.
Stress increases, temperature, strenuous exercise - what are 5 pathologic causes of neutrophilia?
-
Infection
Hematologic disorder - Chronic Leukemia
Tissue breakdown
Drugs/toxins
Leukemoid reaction - TB, cancer -
Why would we see a DECREASED neutrophils?
)2 reasons) -
1. increased need - bacterial infection
2. diminished production - Aplastic anemia, cytotoxic drugs, hypersplenism, dmg hematopoietic environment - what is Agranulocytosis?
- less than 500 cels/uL - patients can't function with this low of a count
- What 3 neuts are capable of engulfing microorganisms? What's best?
-
Segs - best
Bands - okay
Metamyelocytes - not that great but are able to.