HIV/AIDS Study Packet
Terms
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- What is HIV
- HIV is the retrovirus that hs the latent infection that stays in the CNS while the bondy can fight off the infection
- What is AIDS
- is the disease whent he body can no longer fight off the HIV virus. The CD4 are less than 200 and the viral load is 55,000 copies/ml and there are clinical s/s
- Stages of HIV infection
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Primary - acute
Chronic Asymptomatic
Severe Immune Compromise - Candidiasis Yeast
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Oral Thrush
NI Nystatin swish and swallow and lidocaine oral to numb mouth - HPV and HIV cervical cysplasia
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HPV is genital wart and HPV is human papillomavirus associated with cervical dysplasia
PAP tests every 4-6 months and early treatment for cancer - Kaposi Sarcoma
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Cancer of endothelial layer of blood and lymph vessels (red adn blue blotches and lesions may bleed)
Treat with vincristine and bleomycin and treat aids - PCP
- opportunistic neumonia seen in clients with AIDS. Treat aids and agive TMP-SMZ (Bactrim)
- Wasing Syndrome
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Sign of last stages of AIDS. A protein-energy malnutrition and diarrhea for greater than 30 days resulting in loss of 10% of more of body weight.
BRAT diet, high protein supplements, and drugs to treat AIDS - What are measure that the nurse can take to help decrease the risk of the AIDS client from getting an infection
- immunizations, instruct to avoid crowds, wear a mask aroud others, and nurse should avoid caring for client when she has a fever or respiratory infection.
- NI - Preventindg the spread of HIV/AIDS - First level
- Educate public about HIV/AIDS and prevention and educate HCP how to decrease exposure through standard precautions
- NI - Preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS - second level
- Early identification of HIV/AIDS and early treatment
- NI - preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS - Tertiary level
- immunize client (pheumonia, flu, hepatitis, etc), early detection of opportunistic infections, and treatment and early recognition of antiretroviral theirapy regime failure.
- What measures should the health care professional take to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS?
- Standard precautions, never recap a needle
- What should the HCP do if coming in contact with blood?
- Wash area with sop and water, tell supervisor, prompt medical care
- What is PIP and what follow-up should the HCP excpect
- Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) within 2 hours and need Retrovir (AZT) x 4 weeks, and HIV testing post-exposure; 6 weeks; 3 months; 6 months; 1 year. If positive for HIV at any time - test CD4 cells and viral load and treat if has AIDS.
- Nucleoside reverse transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI)
- Virus uses the NRTI instead of the normal building block, then reproduction of the virus is stalled
- Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)
- Bind and disable reverse transcriptase, a protein that HIV needs to make more copies of itself.
- Protease Inhibitors (PI)
- Disables protease, a protein that HIV needs to make more copies of itself.
- Fusion Inhibitors (FI)
- work by blocking HIV entry into cells.
- Wht is Retrovir the most frequently prescribed drug for AIDS
- Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRIT)
- Instructions for Retrovir
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Take tables on empty stomach, swallow whole and drink plenty of fluid.
Take capsules with or without food.
Caution- Bactrim may increase risk for neutropenia - Side Effects of Retrovir
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GI intolerance
bluish brown bands on fingernails
dilliculty swallowing
numbness
tingling and pain in lower extremities
mental changes
pruritis - Treatment regime consideration
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client compliance
number of meds
interactions with other meds
other diseases and conditions present
pregnancy - Key to help client adhere to regime
- client's lifestyle, instruct how drugs work, open channel of communication, monitor for adherence.
- Successful regime for HAART
- test viral load 2-8 weeks after starting treatment and then every 3-4 months. If viral load is still detectable after 4-6 months cause for regime failure needs to be determined
- Virologic failure
- Viral load does not become undetectable and if treatment regime is not changed will progress to immunologic failure in 3 years.
- Immunologic failure
- regime ineffective to raise CD4 cells or prevent count from decreasing
- Clinical failure
- HIV related illness despite 3 months of drugs
- Standard of practice for pregnant woman with AIDS/HIV and her child to receive
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ZDV regime week 14 to 34
ZDV given IV during L&D
Baby takes ZDV liquid form every 6 hours for six weeks - Primary Stage of HIV
- Flu-like symptoms in 50-9-% of newly infected persons the first month after exposure.
- Chronic Asymptomatic HIV infection stage
- after 3-6 months, immune system stabilizes adn HIV is established in the CNS, lymph nodes, and mononuclear cells
- Sever Immune Compromise
- Advanced HIV disease or late-stage infection. CD4 and lymphocytes fall, the person is susceptable to opportunistic infections and pathogens and can succumb to an infection because of not having a strong enough immune system to fight the illness and the client will die.
- Populations at risk
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injetion drug users
homosexual sex
unprotected intercourse -esp adolescents
HIV contaminated blood products
prenatal transmission
sparp-related injuries
Riace if a factor
Caucasian 38%
Hispanic 20%
African American 40% - DX of HIV
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ELISHA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay)
Western Blot performed on all positive ELISHA
Rapid IV test (results back in 5 - 30 minutes) - DX of AIDS
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CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3
Viral Load Test (55,000 copies/ml)
AIDS defining condition